<p>Mary Elmer Lake is a reservoir on the Cohansey River in Cumberland County, New Jersey, used for water-supply and recreation purposes.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The lake is located in the park system of the city of Bridgeton, New Jersey, and is owned by the city. At normal levels it has a surface area of 22 acre.</p><br>
<p>Mary Elmer Lake Dam is of earthen construction, a gravity dam, with a height of 15 ft and a length of 500 ft. Maximum discharge is 4,078 cuft per second. Normal storage is 68 acre.ft. It drains an area of 7.5 square miles. The lake is fed by Barrets Run, and the lakes water empties via a small stream into nearby Sunset Lake and thence into the Cohansey River.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mary Elmer Lake was originally known as Ireland&#39;s Mill Pond. Construction of the dam was completed in 1924 by the USA Army Corps of Engineers. The name was later changed to Mary Elmer Lake.</p><br>
<p>The Tarpon Inn is a historic hotel located in Port Aransas, Texas, United States that originally opened in 1886. The building was named after the tarpon sport fish that drew many anglers to the sea side city and Port Aransas was called Tarpon at the time. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 14, 1979.</p><br>
<p>The original Tarpon Inn was built in 1886 from surplus material that came from an old Civil War barracks. The building was destroyed by fire in 1900. Two new buildings were constructed in its place only to be ravaged by a hurricane in 1919 and its 12–15 foot storm surge. The larger building was completely destroyed, but the smaller building was reparable and continued to be used as a hotel until 1926.</p><br>
<p>In 1923, James M. Ellis bought the property. In 1925, he built the structure that still stands today. He retained the barracks style as a homage to the original 1886 Tarpon Inn. To strengthen the building against future hurricanes, dozens of pine poles were sunk into 16 to 20 feet of concrete. The long poles extend up through the attic and the roof is anchored to these poles. When the new building opened, the old smaller building became the hotel&#39;s dining room.</p><br>
<p>After World War II, tarpon began to disappear from this section of the Texas coast. With the decline of the tarpon and the sportsmen who came to fish for them, the Inn fell into disrepair and changed hands several times. The Inn was repaired and reopened by a new owner in 1975 and has again become a popular place for fishermen as well as tourists and business travelers.</p><br>
<p>The main lobby of the Tarpon Inn is adorned with over 7000 tarpon scales, each signed by the angler who landed the fish. The most famous scale is the one signed by Franklin D. Roosevelt, who fished off the Texas Coast in 1937, even though he did not actually stay at the Inn. Notable guests at the Inn include Clyde Beatty, Douglas Corrigan, Jesse Jones, Hedy Lamarr, Aimee Semple McPherson and Edward Teller. The travel writer and food critic Duncan Hines was married and spent his honeymoon at the Inn.</p><br>
<p>The Wolgan River, a watercourse of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, is located in the Central Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia.</p><br>
<h2>Course and features</h2><br>
<p>Formed by the confluence of Carne Creek (also called Wolgan River (Eastern Branch)) and Wolgan River (Western Branch), the headwaters of the Wolgan River rise on the eastern slopes of the Great Dividing Range, northeast of Wallerawang, near Lithgow, and flows generally north by west, north, northeast, east northeast, southeast by east, and northeast by east before reaching its confluence with the Capertee River, below Mount Morgan, east of Glen Davis. The river descends 897 m over its 63 km course.</p><br>
<p>The majority of the river lies within Wollemi National Park; flows through the Wolgan Valley; past the deserted settlement of Newnes; and is contained within the Greater Blue Mountains Area UNESCO World Heritage Site.</p><br>
<p>First English Lutheran Church is located at the corner of James Street and Townsend Street. This church was founded in 1879 Syracuse, New York. The building was designed by Archimedes Russell and built in 1911. It is significant for its mission-inspired architecture.</p><br>
<p>This church had active worship services on Sundays at 10:30 am (winter sessions)and 9:30 am (summer hours), with Sunday school for children. There is a summer program for children K-4th grades. Summer program ended 2011 ***NOTE: They will close on December 14 for the Holidays</p><br>
<p>They will open on January 4 and operate for the month of January ONLY.</p><br>
<p>Hopefully by the end of January we will have another location for this mission.***</p><br>
<p>A food pantry is available at First English, with hours 9 am (EST) to 11:45 am (EST). now closed</p><br>
<p>A clothes closet is also available from 9 am (EST) to 11 am (EST). also to close</p><br>
<p>The churchs mission statement says that it is "a safe, spiritual haven for sharing the truth and love of the gospel of Jesus Christ" and that they "welcome all people regardless of race, creed, color or sexual orientation for worship and community services," that they "respect the needs of a changing world, maintain a history of our Lutheran roots and heritage, recognize our God given talents, especially the gift of music, grow as we reach out to serve our neighbors, friends of FEL, as well as each other," and that they "hope, trust and pray that we might fulfill Gods mission to share our many blessings."</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>Pocahontas Island is a peninsula in Petersburg, Virginia; it is located on the north side of the Appomattox River. Archeological evidence has been found here of prehistoric Native American settlement dating from 6500 BC. The Appomattoc tribe occupied this area at the time of European-American settlement by English colonists.</p><br>
<p>In the 19th century, this area became notable as the first predominately free black settlement in the state and, by mid-19th century, one of the largest in the nation. In 1860 slightly more than half of Petersburg&#39;s population was black, and 3,224 or one-third of those people were free; they constituted the largest free black population of the time.</p><br>
<p>During the 20th century, the population declined as people moved north in the Great Migration. In 1975 residents secured renewed residential zoning to protect their neighborhoods from industrial development proposed by the city. The Pocahontas Island Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) as a historic district. It is significant both for its African-American history and prehistoric indigenous archeological assets.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Archaeological evidence of a prehistoric Native American community dated to 6500 BC has been found on the island. This is at the beginning of the Middle Archaic Period (6500 BC to 3000 BC) or end of Early Archaic Period (8000 BC to 6500 BC)</p><br>
<p>When English colonists first arrived in Virginia in 1607, the Appomattoc tribe of the Powhatan Confederacy had this area within their territory. English colonial settlement on the peninsula started in the 18th century. Some of the first enslaved Africans were brought here in 1732 to work in John Bolling&#39;s tobacco warehouses. Surveyors platted the land in 1749, and settlers named the village Wittontown. When formally organized as a town in 1752, it was renamed Pocahontas after the Native American daughter of Powhatan, who was important to colonial history and, together with her English husband, became an ancestor of numerous First Families of Virginia.</p><br>
<p>In 1757 Petersburg built a bridge to link the peninsula to the city. In the early years a board of trustees managed the "island" and its development. Incorporated within the city limits in 1784 after the American Revolutionary War, the Pocahontas Island neighborhood became a center of a free black population. It was often neglected afterward by city government, which was more concerned with development in white areas.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood became the center of a large free black residential community, the oldest in the nation and a destination for free blacks in the state. They developed a commercial center in this area as well. One of the first black congregations was known here as the Sandy River Baptist Church, which later moved into the center of Petersburg and built the Gillfield Baptist Church. The growth of industrial jobs attracted free blacks to Petersburg; it was also a place where artisans and craftsmen could make a living. Other men worked as boatmen and fishermen on the river.</p><br>
<p>Numerous antebellum houses exist. Two surviving houses were linked to the Underground Railroad before the American Civil War: the Jarratt House, 808-810 Logan Street, and 215 Witten Street, informally called the Underground Railroad House. By 1860, the city&#39;s population was half black - of those, one-third were free. It was the largest free black population in the nation.</p><br>
<p>Archaeological evidence has been found relating to this period of majority-black residency, as well as of industrial activity. For instance, researchers found remains of a depot of the Richmond & Petersburg Railroad, a building 30 feet by 300 feet. It was important for the transport of Confederate troops during the American Civil War.</p><br>
<p>Employment cycles after the war continued to affect less educated blacks more severely. It took decades for the city to rebuild after the American Civil War. Increasing industrialization provided continued opportunities for blacks, even though the white-dominated Virginia legislature imposed racial segregation and disfranchisement in the late 19th century. Largely excluded from the political system, blacks created their own opportunities.</p><br>
<p>In the 20th century, the more ambitious and younger people tended to leave the island (and many southern states) for other opportunities. The Great Migration to northern industrial cities, starting about World War I, is the time Islanders refer to as "when they lost the cream of the crop, with the majority of the remaining population being elderly retirees who sustain themselves on small fixed incomes." The neighborhood shared economic troubles with the city, which lost jobs to other areas and increasingly to Richmond. The capital became the regions and states financial center.</p><br>
<p>In 1971 the Petersburg city government rezoned some of the island for light industrial use. This caused the homes of 250 residents to be threatened with condemnation, making it impossible for owners to get financing for renovations. In 1975 residents won a battle to restore residential zoning. Allied groups began to survey and document the many historic properties. The Pocahontas Island Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places because of its abundance of archaeological sites from prehistory through historic times, and of numerous antebellum buildings marking its history as a free black community.</p><br>
<p>A 1993 tornado severely damaged some houses. By the late 20th century, the population had declined to fewer than 100 on the island from a high of 1700 earlier.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>Because of its significant resources, ranging from prehistoric to historic, the Pocahontas Island Historic District is listed on both the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). It is also the location of the Pocahontas Island Black History Museum.</p><br>
<p>Fishing Lake is a lake in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The lake is located between highway 5 and highway 16, 22 km north of the town of Foam Lake, Saskatchewan, and 24 km east of the town of Wadena, Saskatchewan. The lake does not have an effective outlet channel, and so is prone to flooding. Record floods in 2007 resulted in a plan by the Government of Saskatchewan to lower the level of the lake by digging a drainage channel. The Fishing Lake First Nation opposed this plan, and instead flood control berms were constructed.</p><br>
<h2>Fishing Lake Park</h2><br>
<p>Fishing Lake Park is a regional park located along the shores of Fishing Lake. The park was established in 1967, and operates six locations: Chorney Beach, Leslie Beach, Knights of Columbus, Saskin Beach, Pavilion Beach and the Foam Lake Golf and Country Club.</p><br>
<h2>Fishing Lake First Nation</h2><br>
<p>The Fishing Lake First Nation are an independent first nation of the Saulteaux branch of the Ojibwe nation. The band can trace their origins to central Canada, and were pushed westward to avoid encroachment by European settlers. The First Nation was originally part of the Yellow-quill Saulteaux Band, a Treaty Band named after a Treaty 4 signatory Chief Ošāwaškokwanēpi, whose name means "Green/Blue-quill." However, due to "š" merging with "s" in Nakawēmowin (Saulteaux language), this led to a mistranslation of his name as "Yellow-quill"—"yellow" being osāw-, while "green/blue" being ošāwaško- (or osāwasko- in Saulteaux). The band was given three reserves, at Fishing and Nut Lakes (surveyed in September, 1881) and Kinistino, Saskatchewan (surveyed in 1900). The Fishing Lake Indian Reserve 89 was approximately 22,850 acre. Soon after the death of Chief Ošāwaškokwanēpi, the Band divided into three groups, the Fishing Lake First Nation, the Yellow Quill First Nation, and the Kinistin Saulteaux Nation</p><br>
<p>In 1905 the Canadian Northern Railway Company requested that the northern end of the Fishing Lake Reserve be opened for settlement. The Yellow-quill Saulteaux Band initially refused to surrender the land. In response, the Department of Indian Affairs had the Yellow-quill Saulteaux Band sign an agreement recognizing the three separate reserves as distinct bands. In 1907 the Department was able to secure the surrender of 13,170 acre from Fishing Lake Indian Reserve 89, dealing directly with the now distinct Fishing Lake First Nation.</p><br>
<p>Negotiations for the return of the surrendered land began in April 1989 when the band submitted a claim to the Minister of Indian Affairs. During the subsequent inquiry by the Indian Claims Commission it was discovered that as many as three of the individuals who signed the surrender document in 1907 were less than 21 years of age. It was also discovered that the affidavit certifying the surrender was not properly sworn according to the statutory standards in place at the time.</p><br>
<p>In 2001, a Settlement Agreement was ratified allowing the band to add 13,190 acre to the reserve. In addition, band members received $2,000 each, and elders 55 years of age or older received $4,000 apiece. The agreement was worth $35,000,000, and was Saskatchewan&#39;s largest land claim.</p><br>
<p>There are presently 1,475 people registered with the Fishing Lake First Nation, of which 405 live on reserve.</p><br>
<p>Detaille Island is a small island off the northern end of the Arrowsmith Peninsula in Graham Land, Antarctica. From 1956 to 1959 it was home to "Base W" of the British Antarctic Survey and closed after the end of the International Geophysical Year . It is now often visited by Antarctic cruise ships but is otherwise unoccupied.</p><br>
<p>Thanks to the men’s hasty departure and the necessity that they take little with them, Base W is an eerily preserved time capsule of 1950s Antarctic life. The base had been intended to host dog-sledging survey parties which would cross the sea ice to the nearby Antarctic Peninsula, but the ice was dangerously unstable. When Base W was vacated, heavy sea ice prevented resupply ship Biscoe from approaching closer than 31 mi, despite the assistance of two USA icebreakers. So the men were forced to close up the base, load sledges with only their most valuable gear and use dog teams to reach the ship.</p><br>
<h2>Station W</h2><br>
<p>The Station W was established in 1956 as a British research station primarily for survey, geology and meteorology and to contribute to the IGY in 1957. It consists of a hut and associated structures and outbuildings, including a small emergency storage building, bitch and pup pens, anemometer tower, and two tubular steel radio masts. As a relatively unaltered research station of the late 1950s, it provides a reminder of the science and living conditions that existed when the Antarctic Treaty was first signed in 1959.</p><br>
<p>In 2009, the base was designated a Historic Site and Monument (HSM 83), following a proposal by the United Kingdom to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting.</p><br>
<p>Artefacts include a Hoover washing machine with instruction manuals, jackets and longjohns, a calendar from December 1957, survey books, astronomical observation logs, radio communication equipment, numerous books, dozens of paint-size cans of Scotch oats, bottles of Heinz mayonnaise, and empty bottles of gin and whisky.</p><br>
<p>Detaille Island is maintained by the United Kingdom Antarctic Heritage Trust. The organization works to conserve Antarctic buildings and artefacts, and to promote and encourage the public&#39;s interest in its Antarctic heritage.</p><br>
<p>The normal occupancy of Station W was eight to 10 people, according to an information panel. In addition to the main building, there are two nearby huts. One was used as an emergency store and the other to keep dogs.</p><br>
<p>The Allen-Beville House was constructed between 1848-1850. The house is in the Douglaston section of the borough of Queens in New York City. It is one of the few surviving 19th century structures in Queens built as a farmhouse that survives.</p><br>
<p>The site was inherited by Daniel K. Allen from his uncle, Richard Allen. Originally a farm of 16 acre, he had purchased the land from Elijah Allen, Philip Allen and Cornelius Van Wyck prior to 1820. In 1847, Benjamin Allen acquired the site and built the house.</p><br>
<p>In the late 19th century, William P. Douglas, for whom Douglaston was named, purchased the home for use as a guest home for his estate, which was the original Douglaston Club building. When the clubhouse burned in 1917, the architects used this house as a model to create the current club.</p><br>
<p>In 1905-06 the Douglas Manor Company bought the Douglas Estate and subdivided the land as a real estate development.</p><br>
<p>The Allen-Beville House was given landmark status by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1977 and in 1983 was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Church of the Resurrection is a historic Episcopal church and rectory in Richmond Hill, Queens, New York City. It was originally built in 1874 as a frame, Gothic Revival style church. It was extensively remodeled and enlarged in 1904 in the Late Gothic / Tudor Revival style. It has an exterior of random quarry-faced stone and a prominent bell tower with spire. The church includes the Riis family memorial window, donated in 1905 by Elizabeth Riis, wife of Jacob Riis. The adjacent Cummings Hall was built in 1923. The rectory was built in 1888 and is a -story, frame dwelling with a hipped roof and gable dormers in the Queen Anne style.</p><br>
<p>The church is also notable for its association with Jacob Riis, a social reformer and pioneering photojournalist who was a Richmond Hill resident from 1885 to 1912 and a church member from 1900 to 1912. Theodore Roosevelt, a close friend and associate of Riis, visited the church to attend the marriage of Riis&#39;s daughter Clara to Dr. William Fiske on June 1, 1900. Roosevelt was Governor of New York at the time.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Maternity Hospital, also known as Ripley Memorial Hospital and currently known as Ripley Gardens, is a former hospital building in the Harrison neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota. The hospital was established by Dr. Martha Ripley in 1886 in response to the exceptionally high mortality rates for women in childbirth. Dr. Ripley was one of only a few female physicians in the late 19th century, and she employed only women as physicians and board members. The hospital provided services for primarily poor, unmarried, and widowed women. The hospital was originally located in a house at 316 15th Street South, but it quickly outgrew that house and moved to 2529 4th Avenue South. Demand continued to grow, so in 1896 the hospital purchased a house on 5 acre of land at the corner of Glenwood and Penn Avenues. The hospital built the Marshall Stacy Nursery in 1909, followed by the Babies&#39; Bungalow in 1910 and the Emily Paddock Cottage in 1911. Also in 1911, Ripley appealed to the government for funds to build an even larger building. Ripley died on April 18, 1912, of a respiratory infection.</p><br>
<p>In 1916, the new building was completed. The hospital was renamed from Maternity Hospital to Ripley Memorial Hospital at that time. The hospital served the community until 1957, when it was closed due to low occupancy and funding problems. The hospital building was sold to Children&#39;s Hospital of Minneapolis, and the remaining funds were used to establish the Ripley Memorial Foundation. The foundation has sponsored teenage pregnancy prevention programs since 1993. The former hospital buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The building was redeveloped in 2007 by, a Minneapolis organization that provides affordable housing. The development, now known as Ripley Gardens, provides housing for low- to moderate-income residents, and provides both rental housing and home ownership opportunities. The redevelopment was one of twelve properties around the nation funded by the Restore America program, sponsored by the National Trust for Historic Preservation and HGTV.</p><br>
<p>The Ingakslugwat Hills volcanic field is in the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta in western Alaska. It contains eight large craters and about thirty small pyroclastic cones in an area of some The field contains unusual so-called "Ingakslugwat volcanoes", volcanic ridges up to 7 km long and 400 m high which are formed by pyroclastic material. They most likely formed by the interaction of permafrost with magma, seeing as they have a hydrovolcanic nature despite being high above the water table.</p><br>
<p>The field is located 35 mi north of Baird Inlet. The volcanoes rise 600 ft over the surrounding plains and often contain small crater lakes. The height of the cones ranges 8 -. The volcanoes were active between 1 million and 700,000 years ago, but the latest activity may be of Holocene age. The volcanoes are formed by basaltic rocks. Other Quaternary volcanic centres in the region are Nelson Island and the Kusilvak Mountains.</p><br>
<p>Olivine basalt is the principal volcanic rock but basanite and nephelinite are also found.</p><br>
<p>The Flushing Armory is a historic National Guard armory building located in the Flushing section of the New York City borough of Queens. It is a brick and stone castle-like structure built in 1905–1906, designed to be reminiscent of medieval military structures in Europe. It was designed by State architect George L. Heins.</p><br>
<p>It consists of a two-story, hip-roofed administration building with an attached -story, gable-roofed drill shed, spanning open space of 11,400 ft&sup2;. Both sections are built of load bearing brick walls sitting on a brownstone foundation. The building features a five-story octagonal tower at the northwest corner and a three-story round tower at the northeast corner. They feature tall, narrow windows and crenellated parapets. Throughout the armorys history it has been used for the National Guard, as a homeless shelter, and a gymnastics center. It is currently used by the New York City Police Departments Strategic Response Group.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Cantonment Hill is a small rise overlooking the port city of Fremantle, Western Australia. Since the early 1900s the hill and the surrounding 4 hectare precinct has been mainly used for military purposes with extensive buildings now present. It has been under the control of the Department of Defence.</p><br>
<p>The area is known as Dwerda Weelardinup meaning place of the Dingo Spirit and the peak is also referred to as Walyarup which means Sea-Eagle nest by the indigenous Whadjuk people.</p><br>
<p>The site includes the last remaining stand of pre-European settlement Rottnest Island pine (Callitris preissii) on the mainland.</p><br>
<h2>Site</h2><br>
<p>The Cantonment Hill site consists of a number of properties, lots 600, 601, 604 are owned by the Commonwealth Government lot 601 is the site of Army Museum of Western Australia, lot 603 is privately owned. Lot 602 which consists of two parts totaling 1.4675 hectare, lot 50 is between these two parts covers an area 0.8432 hectare. The approximately 4 hectare site is bounded by Canning Highway, Queen Victoria Street, Burt Street and Tuckfield Street. There are a number of buildings within the site besides those of the Army museum: there is the heritage listed former defense housing on Queen Victoria street, the heritage listed Naval Store(1935) on the Corner of Queen Victoria street and Canning Highway, and a signal station built for the Fremantle Harbour Trust in 1956.</p><br>
<p>In the mid 1990s a group of local residents formed the Cantonment Hill Residents Action Group for the return of site to the City of Fremantle as per the original gift of 1892. In this Lot 50 was set aside as a Bushland forever site previously identified in 1981 by the Environmental Protection Agency. In 1989 and again in 1996 surveys of the area identified 20 native plants and 27 weeds. Included in the native plants is the only remaining natural occurrence of Rottnest Island pine(Callitris preissii) on the mainland. The 1989 survey also identified 16 Bird species and 2 reptile species.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>For many thousands of years before European settlement, Cantonment Hill was a place of significance to the local Whadjuk people who are part of the Noongar people. They told stories about the site, camped there the site was known as Dwerda Weelardinup whose meaning is place of Dingo spirit, other families also called the site Walyarup which means Sea Eagle nest. In 1829, Europeans established the Swan River Colony and the town of Fremantle, its from cantonment established nearby that its common name is taken. The site was a popular destination for picnics for the settlers due to the views over Fremantle, the river and ocean.</p><br>
<p>When the Colonial Government established Rottnest Island as prison for indigenous people, their families would gather on Sundays to send signals to those on the island using fire. These fires also aided those who attempted to escape from the Island. In 1830, Ensign Robert Dale, who was working for Surveyor General John Septimus Roe, sketched Fremantle from Cantonment Hill. This is one of the earliest depictions of Fremantle. Cantonment Hill remained relatively unchanged during Fremantle&#39;s early development, though in 1877 some limestone was quarried from the hill.</p><br>
<p>In 1833, the hill was the site of Western Australia&#39;s only duel.</p><br>
<p>During the 1880s, residents of the Fremantle area urged the Fremantle Municipality to request the land be vested from the Crown for public space. In 1892 it was given by the Crown to the City of Fremantle in perpetuity "for the purposes of a public garden".</p><br>
<p>The Artillery Barracks in Burt Street were built on the site between 1910 and 1913 for Royal Australian Garrison Artillery, who manned the coastal defence batteries at Fort Arthur Head and Fort Forrest (North Fremantle). During World War I the site was used as a rehabilitation hospital for injured soldiers returning from the Western Front and later as an internment camp and as a quarantine station.</p><br>
<p>In 1931 as part of the City of Fremantles employment for sustenance to those left unemployed by the depression a section of the land was cleared and levelled to make a park. Additionally a path was provided for the residents of Tuckfield, giving them direct access to Queen Victoria Bridge. This area is eastern lot 602, known as the oval and used as playing fields by schools until the 1980-90s.</p><br>
<p>During World War II further development at the site saw construction of a tunnel network to an underground control room and a large warehouse on the north-eastern side. This latter bears Navy insignia and the motto non sibi sed patriæ. By the early 1950s, the property ceased to be used as military barracks but remained under Defence control. The artillery barracks buildings were used from 1948 onwards as a training venue for the Army Reserve and in 1995 the Army Museum of Western Australia moved to the site, where they currently remain. The barracks are the oldest continuously occupied defence site in Western Australia.</p><br>
<h3>Signal station</h3><br>
<p>In early 1929 a signal station was constructed on the peak of Cantonment Hill to replace the station had operated at Arthur Head. The station opened on 8 May 1929 when at 07:40 signalman Edward Ray raised the first ball for the SS Gascoyne. Signalman Ray would go on to retire in 1941 after 44 years service, 39 of them at Fremantle. This station was replaced with a masonry building by the Harbour Trust in 1956 providing commanding views across to Rottnest Island. The signal station closed in 1964 when it was replace by the Port of Fremantle new building on Victoria Quay.</p><br>
<h2>Return to public ownership</h2><br>
<p>In 1989 the Department of Defence mooted plans to dispose of the property. Options considered have been the sale of the property to Notre Dame University and a transfer to the Government of Western Australia by way of a Centenary of Federation of Australia gift from the Federal Government. Progress in negotiations was stalled however, as the parties have requested the Commonwealth to provide funding to reinstate the site to a usable condition—then Premier Geoff Gallop announced in September 2003 that the Government had formally declined the offer.</p><br>
<p>Since 1997, a community-based Cantonment Hill Residents Action Group has lobbied for its return to the City according to the original gift and its restoration and retention as public property with full public access.</p><br>
<p>On 21 January 2010, the Prime Minister announced that Cantonment Hill, including Tuckfield Oval, would be sold back to the people of Fremantle. The Council was to reportedly pay $76,000 for the land, and had plans to rehabilitate the vegetation and build walking paths and picnic facilities. The signal station was to have been turned into a café and Aboriginal interpretive centre. The handover was to have been completed by March 2010.</p><br>
<p>In December 2012 the City of Fremantle re-established the Cantonment Hill Working Group, consisting of councillors including the mayor Dr Brad Pettitt, a representative of the City&#39;s CEO and five residents. This same group was responsible for the development of a master plan for the site as well previous works to clean up the area along restoration of the area.</p><br>
<p>At the beginning of February 2015, it was reported that Fremantle Volunteer Sea Rescue would likely become based in the signal station. This drew criticism from members of the Cantonment Hill Working Group who had developed the master plan for the site which the City of Fremantle had previously given assurances to implement. In late March 2015 draft plans were presented at a council meeting detailing the creation of a convention center and restaurant for the site, with the FSR suggested as being a medium-term occupant while this larger plan came to fruition.</p><br>
<p>A mega mural was installed on the top floor of the signal station in March 2015; the mural is part of the City of Fremantles cultural development plan. The mural by artist Nami Osaki depicts a girl and dingo in a Japanese manga style reflecting the sites indigenous history. It wraps around the whole building, with the girl positioned so as to be peering out over the river while she sits with her dingo at a camp fire.</p><br>
<p>Winton is a historic home located at Clifford, Amherst County, Virginia. It is a two-story, late-Georgian, frame structure with three bays on the main facade, several additions to the rear, and a prominent two-story portico. It is said to have been built by Colonel Joseph Cabell  in about 1770, who sold Winton to his friend Colonel Samuel Meredith, Jr. in 1779. He was a close friend of his near neighbor Patrick Henry, and married his sister Jane Henry. Patrick Henry&#39;s mother, Sarah Winston Syme Henry, lived at Winton and is buried in the cemetery on the grounds. In 1967, an anonymous donor gave it to the County of Amherst to be leased to a corporation and run as a country club.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It is located in the Clifford-New Glasgow Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Project Azorian  was a U.S. Central Intelligence Agency  project to recover the sunken Soviet submarine K-129 from the Pacific Ocean floor in 1974, using the purpose-built ship Hughes Glomar Explorer. The 1968 sinking of K-129 occurred approximately 1,560 nmi northwest of Hawaii. Project Azorian was one of the most complex, expensive, and secretive intelligence operations of the Cold War at a cost of about $800 million .</p><br>
<p>In addition to designing the recovery ship and its lifting cradle, the U.S. used concepts developed with Global Marine (see Project Mohole) that utilized their precision stability equipment to keep the ship nearly stationary above the target (and do this while lowering nearly three miles of pipe). They worked with scientists to develop methods for preserving paper that had been underwater for years in hopes of being able to recover and read the submarine&#39;s codebooks. The reasons this project was undertaken are likely to include the recovery of an intact nuclear missile (R-21, also known as NATO SS-N-5 Serb), and cryptological documents and equipment.</p><br>
<p>After the Soviet Union performed their unsuccessful search for K-129, the U.S. undertook a search, and by the use of acoustic data from four AFTAC sites and the Adak SOSUS array located the wreck of the submarine to within 5 nmi. The submarine used the Fish, a towed, 12 ft, 2 ST collection of cameras, strobe lights, and sonar that was built to withstand extreme depths to detect seafloor objects. The recovery operation commenced covertly (in international waters) about six years later with the supposed commercial purpose of mining the sea floor for manganese nodules under the cover of Howard Hughes and Hughes Glomar Explorer. While the ship did recover a portion of K-129, a mechanical failure in the grapple caused two-thirds of the recovered section to break off during recovery.</p><br>
<h2>The wreck of ''K-129''</h2><br>
<p>In April 1968, Soviet Pacific Fleet surface and air assets were observed conducting a surge deployment to the North Pacific Ocean that involved some unusual search operations. The activity was evaluated by the United States Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI) as a possible reaction to the loss of a Soviet submarine. Soviet surface ship searches were centered on a location known to be associated with Soviet Golf II-class strategic ballistic missile (SSB) diesel submarine patrol routes. These submarines carried three nuclear missiles in an extended sail/conning tower and routinely deployed to within missile range of the U.S. west coast. The American SOSUS (Sea Spider) hydrophone network in the northern Pacific was tasked with reviewing its recordings in the hope of detecting an implosion (or explosion) related to such a loss. Naval Facility (NAVFAC) Point Sur, south of Monterey, California, was able to isolate a sonic signature on its low frequency array (LOFAR) recordings of an implosion event that had occurred on March 8, 1968. Using NavFac Point Sur&#39;s date and time of the event, NavFac Adak and the U.S. West Coast NAVFAC were also able to isolate the acoustic event. With five SOSUS lines-of-bearing, Naval Intelligence was able to localize the site of the K-129 wreck to the vicinity of 40.1° N latitude and 179.9° E longitude (close to the International Date Line).</p><br>
<p>After weeks of search, the Soviets were unable to locate their sunken boat, and Soviet Pacific Fleet operations gradually returned to a normal level. In July 1968, the United States Navy initiated "Operation Sand Dollar" with the deployment of from Pearl Harbor to the wreck site. Sand Dollar&#39;s objective was to find and photograph K-129. In 1965, Halibut had been configured to use deep submergence search equipment, the only such specially-equipped submarine then in U.S. inventory. The search locus provided by SOSUS was 1,200 square miles, and the wreck was more than 3 mi deep. Halibut located the wreck after three weeks of visual search using robotic remote-controlled cameras. (It took almost five months of search to find the wreck of the U.S. nuclear-powered submarine in the Atlantic, also in 1968). Halibut is reported to have spent the next several weeks taking over 20,000 closeup photos of every aspect of the K-129 wreck, a feat for which Halibut received a special classified Presidential Unit Citation signed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1968.</p><br>
<p>In 1970, based upon this photography, Defense Secretary Melvin Laird and Henry Kissinger, then National Security Advisor, proposed a clandestine plan to recover the wreckage so that the U.S. could study Soviet nuclear missile technology, as well as possibly recover cryptographic materials. The proposal was accepted by President Richard Nixon and the CIA was tasked to attempt the recovery.</p><br>
<h2>Building ''Glomar Explorer'', and its cover story</h2><br>
<p>Global Marine Development Inc., the research and development arm of Global Marine Inc., a pioneer in deepwater offshore drilling operations, was contracted to design, build and operate Hughes Glomar Explorer in order to secretly salvage the sunken Soviet submarine from the ocean floor. The ship was built at the Sun Shipbuilding yard near Philadelphia. Billionaire businessman Howard Hughes — whose companies were already contractors on numerous classified US military weapons, aircraft and satellite contracts — agreed to lend his name to the project in order to support the cover story that the ship was mining manganese nodules from the ocean floor, but Hughes and his companies had no actual involvement in the project. K-129 was photographed at a depth of over 16,000 ft, and thus the salvage operation would be well beyond the depth of any ship salvage operation ever before attempted. On November 1, 1972, work began on the 63,000 ST, 619 foot Hughes Glomar Explorer (HGE).</p><br>
<h2>Recovery</h2><br>
<p>Hughes Glomar Explorer employed a large mechanical claw, which Lockheed officially titled the "Capture Vehicle" but affectionately called Clementine. The capture vehicle was designed to be lowered to the ocean floor, grasp around the targeted submarine section, and then lift that section into the ship&#39;s hold. One requirement of this technology was to keep the floating base stable and in position over a fixed point 16,000 ft below the ocean surface.</p><br>
<p>The capture vehicle was lowered and raised on a pipe string similar to those used on oil drilling rigs. Section by section, 60 ft steel pipes were strung together to lower the claw through a hole in the middle of the ship. This configuration was designed by Western Gear Corp. of Everett, Washington. Upon a successful capture by the claw, the lift reversed the process — 60 ft sections drawn up and removed one at a time. The salvaged "Target Object" was thus to be drawn into a moon pool, the doors of which could then be closed to form a floor for the salvaged section. This allowed for the entire salvage process to take place underwater, away from the view of other ships, aircraft, or spy satellites.</p><br>
<p>Sailing 3,008 nmi from Long Beach, California on June 20, 1974, Hughes Glomar Explorer arrived at the recovery site July 4 and conducted salvage operations for over a month. During this period, at least two Soviet Navy ships visited Hughes Glomar Explorers work site, the oceangoing tugboat SB-10, and the Soviet missile range instrumentation ship Chazma. It was found out after 1991 that the Soviets were tipped off about the operation and were aware that the CIA was planning some kind of salvage operation, but the military command believed it impossible that they could perform such a task and disregarded further intelligence warnings. Later on, Soviet Ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin started sending urgent messages back to the Soviet Navy warning that an operation was imminent, Soviet military engineering experts reevaluated their positions and claimed that it was indeed possible (though highly unlikely) to recover K-129, and ships in the area were ordered to report any unusual activity, although the lack of knowledge as to where K-129 was located impeded their ability to stop any salvage operation.</p><br>
<p>U.S. Major General Roland Lajoie stated that, according to a briefing he received by the CIA, during recovery operations, Clementine suffered a catastrophic failure, causing two-thirds of the already raised portion of K-129 to sink back to the ocean floor. Former Lockheed and Hughes Global Marine employees who worked on the operation have stated that several of the "claws" intended to grab the submarine fractured, possibly because they were manufactured from maraging steel, which is very strong, but not very ductile compared with other kinds of steel.</p><br>
<p>The recovered section included two nuclear torpedoes, and thus Project Azorian was not a complete failure. The bodies of six crewmen were also recovered, and were given a memorial service and with military honors, buried at sea in a metal casket because of radioactivity concerns. Other crew members have reported that code books and other materials of apparent interest to CIA employees aboard the vessel were recovered, and images of inventory printouts exhibited in the documentary</p><br>
<p>The entire salvage operation was recorded by a CIA documentary film crew, but this film remains classified. A short portion of the film, showing the recovery and subsequent burial at sea of the six bodies recovered in the forward section of K-129, was given to the Russian Government in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Public disclosure</h2><br>
<h3>''The New York Times'' suppresses its story</h3><br>
<p>Jack Anderson has been credited as breaking the story of Hughes Glomar Explorer to a nationwide audience. Rejecting a plea from the Director of Central Intelligence William Colby to suppress the story, Anderson said he released the story because "Navy experts have told us that the sunken sub contains no real secrets and that the project, therefore, is a waste of the taxpayers’ money."</p><br>
<p>In February 1975, investigative reporter and former New York Times writer Seymour Hersh had planned to publish a story on Project Azorian. Bill Kovach, the New York Times Washington bureau chief at the time, said in 2005 that the government offered a convincing argument to delay publication — exposure at that time, while the project was ongoing, "would have caused an international incident." The New York Times published its account in March 1975, after a story appeared in the Los Angeles Times, and included a five-paragraph explanation of the many twists and turns in the path to publication. CIA director George H. W. Bush reported on several occasions to U.S. president Gerald Ford on media reports and the future use of the ship. The CIA concluded that it seemed unclear what, if any, action was taken by the Soviet Union after learning of the story.</p><br>
<h3>Freedom of Information Act request and the Glomar response</h3><br>
<p>After stories had been published about the CIA&#39;s attempts to stop publication of information about Project Azorian, Harriet Ann Phillippi, a journalist, filed a Freedom of Information Act request with the CIA for any records about the CIA&#39;s attempts. The CIA refused to either confirm or deny the existence of such documents. This type of non-responsive reply has since come to be known as the "Glomar response" or "Glomarization."</p><br>
<h3>1998 release of video</h3><br>
<p>A video showing the 1974 memorial services for the six Soviet seamen whose bodies were recovered by Project Azorian was forwarded by the U.S. to Russia in the early 1990s. Portions of this video were shown on television documentaries concerning Project Azorian, including a 1998 Discovery Channel special called A Matter of National Security (based on Clyde W. Burleson&#39;s book, The Jennifer Project (1977)) and again in 1999, on a PBS Cold War submarine episode of NOVA.</p><br>
<h3>2010 release of 1985 CIA article</h3><br>
<p>In February 2010, the CIA released an article from the fall 1985 edition of the CIA internal journal Studies in Intelligence following an application by researcher Matthew Aid at the National Security Archive to declassify the information under the US Freedom of Information Act. Exactly what the operation managed to salvage remained unclear. The report was written by an unidentified participant in Project Azorian.</p><br>
<h3>2010 release of President Ford cabinet meeting</h3><br>
<p>During the aftermath of the publication of the "Project Jennifer" story by Seymour Hersh, U.S. President Gerald Ford, Secretary of Defense James R. Schlesinger, Philip Buchen (Counsel to the President), John O. Marsh, Jr. (Counselor to the President), Ambassador Donald Rumsfeld, Lt. General Brent Scowcroft (Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs), and William Colby (Director of Central Intelligence) discussed the leak and whether the Ford administration would react to Hersh&#39;s story. In a cabinet meeting on March 19, 1975 (the same day The New York Times published the story), Secretary of Defense Schlesinger is quoted as saying,</p><br>
<p>With the words "marvel" and "major American accomplishment" used to describe Operation Matador, it is obvious that the Secretary of Defense indicated at least some form of success that should be confirmed publicly. The director of CIA, William Colby dissented, recalling the U-2 crisis, saying:</p><br>
<p>The result of the meeting was to stonewall, causing the Los Angeles Times to publish a 4-page story the next day by Jack Nelson with the headline, "Administration Won&#39;t Talk About Sub Raised by CIA."</p><br>
<h2>Conspiracy theory</h2><br>
<p>Time magazine as well as a court filing by Felice D. Cohen and Morton H. Halperin on behalf of the Military Audit Project suggest that the alleged project goal of raising a Soviet submarine might itself have been a cover story for another secret mission. Tapping of undersea communication cables, the installation of an underwater equivalent of a missile silo, and installation and repair of surveillance systems to monitor ship and submarine movements are listed as possibilities for the actual purpose of such a secret mission.</p><br>
<h2>New eyewitness account</h2><br>
<p>W. Craig Reed, in Red November: Inside the Secret U.S. - Soviet Submarine War (2010), contains an inside account of Project Azorian provided by Joe Houston, the senior engineer who designed leading-edge camera systems used by the Hughes Glomar Explorer team to photograph K-129 on the ocean floor. The team needed pictures that offered precise measurements to design the grappling arm and other systems used to bring the sunken submarine up from the bottom. Houston worked for the mysterious "Mr. P" (John Parangosky) who worked for CIA Deputy Director Carl E. Duckett — the two leaders of Project Azorian. Duckett later worked with Houston at another company, and intimated that the CIA may have recovered much more from the K-129 than admitted to publicly. Reed also details how the mini-sub technology used by the submarine Halibut to find K-129 was used for subsequent Operation Ivy Bells missions to wiretap underwater Soviet communications cables.</p><br>
<p>In a documentary film titled Azorian: The Raising Of The K-129, which was produced by Michael White and released in 2009, three principals who participated in the design of the Hughes Glomar Explorer heavy lift system and the Lockheed capture vehicle (CV or claw) gave on-camera interviews. These individuals were also on board the ship during the mission and were intimately involved with the recovery operation. They are Sherman Wetmore, Global Marine heavy lift operations manager; Charlie Johnson, Global Marine heavy lift engineer; and Raymond Feldman, Lockheed Ocean Systems senior staff engineer. These three, plus others who were not on board during the recovery but were cleared on all aspects of the mission, confirmed that only 38 feet of the bow was eventually recovered. The intent was to recover the forward two thirds (138 feet) of K-129, which had broken off from the rear section of the submarine and was designated the Target Object (TO). The capture vehicle successfully lifted the TO from the ocean floor. On the way up, a failure of part of the capture vehicle caused the loss of 100 feet, including the sail, of the TO. In October 2010 a book based on the film, Project Azorian: The CIA And The Raising of the K-129 by Norman Polmar and Michael White, was published. The book contains additional documentary evidence about the effort to locate the submarine and the recovery operation.</p><br>
<p>The Hermance is a river that rises in France in Haute-Savoie, between Machilly and Loisin, and flows for 7 kilometres through the small valley from Hermance and the commune of Veigy-Foncenex where it marks the Swiss-French border on the last 6 kilometres of its course by bordering the communes of Anières and Hermance in Switzerland and Chens-sur-Léman in France,This text incorporates text from fr.wikipedia.org. The French Wikipedia use the following sources:</p><br>
<p>**http://www.fgsp.ch/Rivieres/Hermance/Hermance_No%204.htm Fiche rivière no 4 : L&#39;Hermance, Département de l&#39;intérieur, de l&#39;agriculture, de l&#39;environnement et de l&#39;énergie. Retrieved 2007-10-08</p><br>
<p>**Raphaëlle Juge, http://www.anieres.ch/upload/PD_ANIERES_DOC1_chap8.pdf Plan directeur communal d&#39;Anières , l&#39;Hermance et son vallon. Retrieved 2007-10-08</p><br>
<p>before flowing into Lake Geneva.</p><br>
<p>Flood control and other river maintenance issues are regulated under the 1959 Hermance River Agreement.</p><br>
<p>The Benton House is a historic home located at Irvington, a historic neighborhood in Indianapolis, Indiana. Built in 1873, the home housed Allen R. Benton, a former president of Butler University in Irvington. It is a two-story, Second Empire style brick dwelling with a mansard roof. It sits on a rugged stone foundation and features an entrance tower and ornate windows.</p><br>
<p>The Irvington Historic Landmarks Foundation was formed in 1966 to oversee the purchase and restoration of the Benton House. It now serves as a meeting place for the foundation and can be rented for private parties. All proceeds from events go toward the maintenance of the Benton House and future renovations. In 1973 the home was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Benton House is also listed as an Indiana Museum. It is the only house on the Indianapolis East Side listed in the Historic Register that is available to the public.</p><br>
<p>The Alfred Hatch Place at Arcola, also known as the Arcola Plantation and locally as the Half-house, is a historic plantation house and historic district on the Black Warrior River several miles northwest of Gallion, Alabama. It is located on land first settled by Frederic Ravesies, in what was once the Vine and Olive Colony town of Arcola, founded by French immigrants in the early 19th century. This area of Hale County was part of Marengo County prior to the creation of Hale in 1867.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The main house was built by Alfred Parker Hatch in 1856. The house was the center of his 3,000 acre acre plantation, purchased a few years before from his brother Lemuel D. Hatch during a period of financial difficulty.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Hatch Place is a rare Alabama example of a temple-form house in the Greek Revival style. The house is a two-story brick structure, with massing suggestive of a pseudoperipteral building. The front facade features a monumental tetrastyle Doric portico across the front, with a full-width cantilevered balcony under the portico on the second level. A Tudor arch window is centered in the pediment over the portico. The plantation was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 6, 1988, due to its architectural and historical significance.</p><br>
<p>Fairhope Plantation is a historic Carpenter Gothic plantation house and historic district, located one mile east of Uniontown, Alabama, USA. The -story wood-framed main house was built in the Gothic Revival style in the late 1850s. The plantation historic district includes six other contributing buildings, in addition to the main house. It was added to the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on December 19, 1991 and subsequently to the National Register of Historic Places on May 29, 1992, due to its architectural and historical significance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Fairhope Plantation was built for Joseph Selden, a native of Virginia. He was born on June 4, 1831, and grew up at Westover Plantation in Charles City County, Virginia. Selden married Elizabeth Collier Minge, of Weynoke Plantation near Faunsdale, in 1854. Elizabeth was born on May 30, 1833. Her family was also originally from Charles City County. Joseph and Elizabeth established Fairhope on property given to them by Elizabeths family. The main house was built by Theophilus Gilliam Fowler, a local builder. Construction began in 1857 and was completed by 1861. The 1860 United States Census of Perry County indicates that Joseph Selden owned 80 slaves in that year. Selden organized Seldens Battery, an artillery unit, at his own expense during the American Civil War. The unit saw action in several major engagements, including the battles of Kennesaw Mountain, Franklin and Nashville. Elizabeth Selden died following childbirth in 1868, Joseph died in a hotel fire in 1900. Fairhope continued to be owned by Selden descendants and operated as a farm for another century after their deaths.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The inspiration for the main house at Fairhope Plantation is thought by architectural historians to be an enlarged adaptation of a design by Alexander Jackson Davis, published in Andrew Jackson Downing&#39;s Cottage Residences in 1842. Other historic Gothic Revival residences in the area include Waldwic in Gallion and Ashe Cottage in Demopolis.</p><br>
<p>The Dayton Biltmore Hotel is a historic hotel located at the junction of First and Main Streets in downtown Dayton, Ohio, United States. From construction in 1929 through much of the rest of the twentieth century, the Biltmore was a prominent hotel, while later renovations have converted it into apartments with space for smaller businesses. It was named a federal historic site in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Constructed in 1929, The Dayton Biltmore Hotel was designed in the Beaux-Arts style popular at the time. It features an applied masonry façade system, exhibiting both brick and terra cotta, resulting in a dark brown and white exterior. The architect, Frederick Hughes (of the architecture firm F.J. Hughes and Company), is also known for the nearby Commodore Apartments and the Centre City Building, which were designed in a similar style. One of the tallest buildings in Dayton, The Biltmore was considered one of the finest hotels in America, playing host to some of the nation’s most powerful and celebrated men in the 20th century, such as John F. Kennedy and Elvis Presley.</p><br>
<p>The Dayton Biltmore was originally managed by Bowman-Biltmore Hotels. It was operated by Hilton Hotels from 1946 through the late 1950s. It joined Sheraton Hotels in the 1960s and was renamed the Sheraton-Dayton Hotel. It left Sheraton in 1974 and became the Biltmore Towers Hotel. In 1981, the Kuhlmann Design Group redeveloped the property into elderly housing. On February 3, 1982, The Dayton Biltmore was added to the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Apartments and commercial space</h2><br>
<p>The eighteen-story Biltmore has undergone a number of renovations over the years, the most recent of which was conducted in 1981, when the Kuhlmann Design Group redeveloped the property into elderly housing. Today, the building houses 230 apartments ranging in size from 500 sqft 1-bedrooms to 713 sqft 2-bedrooms. Known as Biltmore Towers - Senior Living, it caters to residents 55 years and older. The building is situated alongside the Great Miami River, steps away from Riverscape Metropark, Victoria Theater, Cooper Park, and Courthouse Square. The property is currently owned and managed by Apartment Investment and Management Company (AIMCO).</p><br>
<p>In addition to the apartments, the property also contains seven retail spaces, totaling 37,885 ft&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>The current business tenets are China Royal Restaurant, Liberty Tax Services, and St. Marys, resident services on the 4th floor. Previous tenets include Wendys Old Fashioned Hamburgers, Rock Star Sub Sandwiches, and a physician&#39;s office.</p><br>
<p>The James Brooks House is a historic house in downtown Dayton, Ohio, United States. Built in the 1830s and significantly modified later in the century, it was named a historic site in the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>The Brooks House is a stone building with a brick foundation, an asphalt roof, and additional elements of stone and iron. The facade is three bays wide, with windows in the central and eastern bays of all three floors; the western bay is occupied by a window (second story) and the main entrance (first story), while the western bay of the basement is blocked by a small staircase. Pilasters with Ionic capitals separate the second-story windows, while no comparable ornament is present below. A shallow hip roof covers the building, pierced by chimneys on either side, while its overhang permits room for a cornice composed of large bracket. The sides are noticeably plainer, with the most prominent element of the western side being a simple fire escape.</p><br>
<p>The houses early history is rather enigmatic. It was built for English immigrant Thomas Clegg, a small-scale industrialist who owned Daytons first iron and brass foundries, although the precise date is uncertain; a stone building was constructed on the present house&#39;s site in 1831, and while this may be the present house, it might not have been constructed until the following year. Montgomery County tax records are also inconclusive: they prove that Clegg never owned the property, nor paid taxes on it, but they fail to identify the owner of the property when the house was built. While the original design was clearly Greek Revival in style, renovations in the middle of the nineteenth century included modifications to the cornice and other changes that together produced an appearance typical of the earlier Victorian era.</p><br>
<p>In 1975, the Brooks House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. Another building with the same designation, the Dr. Jefferson A. Walters House, lies in the same block of First Street.</p><br>
<p>The Dayton Daily News Building is a historic structure located at the corner of 4th and Ludlow Streets in Dayton, Ohio. It was designed by architect Albert Pretzinger for Dayton Daily News founder James M. Cox. According to Cox’s autobiography, he was turned down for a loan by a local banker who told him “Newspapers have never been known to earn money. Of course we can’t accommodate you.” After being turned down for a bank loan to start the paper, Cox asked Pretzinger to "build him a damn bank" so it was modeled after the Knickerbocker Trust building in New York City. Among the most significant components of the three-story building are those surrounding the entrance: three bays wide, the facade features a set of Corinthian columns, a set of fluted columns in the Doric order that form a grand frontispiece around the entrance, and a partial pediment with a cornice supported by cornucopiae. Its walls are built of a mixture of wood and granite.</p><br>
<p>The building was erected between 1908 and 1910 and expanded in the 1920s, 1950s and 1970s. The 1908 building was remodeled in 1989. On November 30, 1978, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. In April, 2007, the newspapers editorial and business offices moved to the former NCR Building 31 at 1611 S. Main St. on Daytons south side, near the University of Dayton campus.</p><br>
<p>The newer portions of the Dayton Daily News building will be demolished in 2013 and replaced by a five-story, 200-apartment student housing building in 2014. Only the 1908 building on the corner will remain. The Schwind Building at 27 Ludlow, built in 1913, was imploded on August 17, 2013 as part of the demolition process.</p><br>
<p>The Conover Building is a historic structure in downtown Dayton, Ohio, United States. Constructed at the turn of the twentieth century, the Conover features a mix of architectural styles and sits at a prominent intersection, and it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Conover Building features a mix of brick and stone on its exterior, although the design also employs terra cotta for peripheral purposes; much of the supporting structure relies on concrete and steel. Its overall design mixes elements from multiple sub-styles of Neo-Renaissance architecture, in addition to occasional Neoclassical details and themes. The architect was Frank Mills Andrews, whose work gained him fame throughout the United States.</p><br>
<p>Erected just eight years after Dayton&#39;s first skyscraper, the Conover Building stands thirteen stories tall. Its bottom four stories retain a typical commercial design, featuring an arcade, and Baroque styling appears on the top three stories, while the plainer six stories in the middle are distinguished by trabeating at their summit. Situated on the southeastern corner of Third and Main Streets, it lies near the United Brethren Publishing House, the Commercial Building, and the Dayton Arcade.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site of the Conover Building has been used for commercial purposes for more than two centuries, beginning with the opening of a blacksmith shop by New Jersey native Obadiah Conover in 1811. The present structure was erected on the site in 1900, and within a few years of its construction, it was recognized as one of Daytons most prominent office towers; during the Miami River flood of 1913, when the Miami and Mad Rivers broke their dykes and flash-flooded the downtown, many pedestrians took refuge in the Conover Buildings upper stories.</p><br>
<p>Nearly a century later, by which time the Conover had also attracted the name of "American Building", it became viewed as Daytons most dangerous intersection: repeated incidents of crime at the adjacent central bus station led local media to deem the junction of Third and Main the "Corner of Chaos". Crime efforts have since fallen substantially, due to a reorganization of the citys bus hub and the restructuring of various other components in the area&#39;s built environment.</p><br>
<p>In 1975, the Conover Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its distinctive historic architecture. It qualified for inclusion partly because of its place in the entire citys skyline, in addition to its place as a prominent example of Frank Andrews designs.</p><br>
<p>Elfin Lakes are two lakes in Garibaldi Provincial Park that are popular for hiking, snowshoeing, skiing, and mountain bicycling trail located east of Squamish, British Columbia, Canada.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The name was adopted in 1978 when it was identified in a pamphlet for the local lodge. However, a 1946 letter from W.H. Matthews, a Vancouver City Archivist notes that the lakes were once called Crystal Lakes but were never found on any maps.</p><br>
<p>The area has always been a popular destination for hikers and skiers since the creation of the park in the 1927. Then a local lodge was built in the early 1940s by Joan Mathews, Ottar Brandvold, and his brother Emil and was called the Diamond Head Chalet, but it is now unused and decaying. It attracted many hikers and backcountry skiers. Eventually the owners retired, and ownership was transferred to BC Parks. They chose to not maintain it and built the new Elfin Lakes shelter a few metres south. However, the road that was built is still used as a trail and service road. A moving film made by the Brandvolds showcases Garibaldi Park and the Diamond Head Chalet.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>All recreational activities in the area are governed by the regulations of Garibaldi Provincial Park. Primary access to the lake is via an 11 km (5.5 mi) long trail, which gains approximately 600 m of elevation from the trailhead. There are campgrounds and an overnight shelter at the lakes and campgrounds and a day-use shelter or a winter overnight shelter in Red Heather Meadows. During winter, the lake is typically frozen from late December to late April. Much of the trail up is on a rarely used forest service road and has an approximate grade of 5.5%. Approximately half of the trail is in forest, while the remaining half is in alpine meadows with clear views of the surrounding mountains. There are separate trails for mountain bicycling, hiking, and winter use. Hiking trails continue past Elfin Lakes towards Opal Cone, Mamquam Lake, Columnar Peak, the Gargoyles, and Little Diamond Head. It is also possible to travel to Mount Garibaldi and Diamond Head in the winter. Swimming is permitted in the top lake, and the lower lake is reserved for drinking water only.</p><br>
<p>First Lutheran Church is a historic Lutheran church in downtown Dayton, Ohio, United States. Constructed in the 1900s for a large congregation, its architecture includes numerous elements seen in older grand churches, and it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>Congregational history</h2><br>
<p>First Lutheran was established in mid-1839. After a time of worshipping in a store owned by a charter member, the congregation erected their first church building in what is now downtown Dayton. Although several different buildings have housed the congregation since 1839, all have been located in the downtown area. It has parented several other Dayton-area Lutheran churches: the members planted six congregations at different times, and political issues related to the Civil War caused an acrimonious split in 1864, after which the minority formed a separate congregation.</p><br>
<p>Once a massive congregation, with approximately 2,500 names on the roll in 1948, the congregation has experienced challenges from suburbanization. According to denominational statistics, the congregation&#39;s membership fell from 457 to 78 between 2000 and 2013, and average attendance at worship services fell from 125 to 70, although the latter number represented an increase from averages in the thirties from 2007 to 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Church building</h2><br>
<p>Construction on the congregation&#39;s two-story original building began in 1841, two years after the congregation was organized, although it was not ready for worship until more a year later, and the second story was only added three years after the first story was completed. The congregation later erected several other buildings elsewhere downtown, culminating in the construction of the current building in 1906.</p><br>
<p>The present building, a Gothic Revival structure, is a rusticated stone building designed by Peters, Burns, and Pretzinger. Its general appearance was intended to resemble that of the most prominent Lutheran churches in Europe, so the architects included stained glass portraits of certain of the Twelve Apostles and Four Evangelists, traditional details such as label stops with figureheads, and a painted ceiling with visible structural elements. Among the most prominent aspects of the overall design are a central tower 100 ft tall, tall but thin ogive windows, and the use of stone with multicolored veins for the exterior walls. It is the only extant downtown church in the Gothic Revival style.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>In early 1983, First Lutheran Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. It is one of five Dayton churches with this distinction; the others, all Catholic, are scattered among various city neighborhoods, and only Sacred Heart is located downtown.</p><br>
<p>The Kappe Residence is a house in the Pacific Palisades section of Los Angeles, California, designed by architect Raymond Kappe, FAIA, as his own residence. It is a modern design built into a heavily treed hillside. It was designated a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument in 1996, and in 2008 it was named one of the top ten houses in Los Angeles by an expert panel selected by the Los Angeles Times.</p><br>
<h2>Design of the house</h2><br>
<p>Kappe purchased the steep hillside lot in 1962 for $17,000. Designing a structure for the steep hillside was problematic, and Kappe designed six concrete towers supporting a 4,000 ft&sup2; glass-and-wood house. Built between 1965 and 1967, the house is raised on decks to avoid underground springs. The house features natural building materials, strong geometric form, and supersaturated colors. The ground floor of the structure is Kappe&#39;s studio, and the house is built atop the studio.</p><br>
<h2>Critical reception and honors</h2><br>
<p>The Kappe Residence was listed as a City of Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument (HCM #623) in April 1996.</p><br>
<p>In 2004, The New York Times Magazine published a feature story on the Kappe Residence. The Times described Kappe as "the only architect who truly signifies the seamless combination of Modernism and canyon vernacular." The author, Brad Dunning, wrote of the house: "Ray Kappe&#39;s 1967 house remains a landmark of nature-friendly modernism."</p><br>
<p>In December 2008, the Los Angeles Times asked an expert panel to select the top ten of the best Southern California homes, and the Kappe Residence was included in the final top ten list.</p><br>
<p>Stephen Kanner, President of the A + D (Architecture + Design) Museum in Los Angeles wrote: "Ray&#39;s own home may be the greatest house in all of Southern California."</p><br>
<p>Residential Architect magazine wrote that Kappe had "reinvented the house on the hill."</p><br>
<p>In "An Architectural Guidebook to Los Angeles", David Gebhard and Robert Winter described the structure as "a virtual tree house poised over a steep hillside" and an example of Kappe&#39;s ability "to meld the Craftsman aesthetic and the International Style into a very personal style."</p><br>
<p>In 2004, Kappe said of the house:"The house still seems to touch most people -- architects, students and potential clients. It has remained the one repetitive constant in my work. Our house became a prototype for many of my houses with difficult sites. At the time it was built, I think the house served as an inspiration for aspiring architects, and I hope that those who experience it today have a similar response."</p><br>
<p>Linoma Beach, now doing business under the name Linoma Lighthouse, is a privately owned recreation area developed around an artificial lake in Sarpy County in the eastern part of the state of Nebraska, in the Midwestern United States. The site was opened in 1924; in 1939, a 100 ft lighthouse was added to it. The lighthouse is a conspicuous landmark on USA Highway 6 between Omaha and Lincoln, Nebraska.</p><br>
<p>Linoma Beach is listed in the National Register of Historic Places, as a well-preserved example of a once-common but now vanishing type of roadside architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Development</h3><br>
<p>In 1907, the Lyman-Richey Sand Company began extracting sand and gravel from a site on the north bank of the Platte River about four miles (4 mi) northeast of Ashland, Nebraska. Quarrying continued until 1915, resulting in a collection of small lakes supplied by underground springs.</p><br>
<p>In about 1920, Harry E. Schellberg of Lyman-Richey and Lawrence G. Simpson of the Chicago Lumber Company of Omaha established the Inland Development Syndicate, which by 1924 bought portions of Lyman-Richeys holdings near Ashland. In 1924, the syndicate changed its name to the Linoma Realty Company; in that year, it opened the Linoma Beach resort at the old quarry site. The new resort was situated about halfway between and about 30 mi from Lincoln and Omaha, Nebraskas two largest cities; its name is a portmanteau, taken from the first three letters of each of the two names.</p><br>
<p>The company invested about $10,000 to prepare the site. The sandpit lakes were 50 to 60 ft deep, and unsafe for swimming; to remedy this, 30,000 cuft of sand was pumped into them. Additional sand was moved to create a beach over 100 ft wide and extending 600 ft along the shore. A "model, sanitary bathhouse" was constructed, furnished with "late glass mirrors, electric lights, and many conveniences". Acres of picnic grounds were developed; and a farmhouse on the site was converted into a restaurant, surrounded by a veranda suitable for dancing. The restaurant&#39;s first manager was Alfred Jones, a well-known African-American cook from Omaha; at the time, it was unusual for a non-white to hold such a prominent position.</p><br>
<p>The new resort was accessible by road and by rail. To persuade the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad to stop at Linoma, the developers installed a platform and lighting. Three trains were available on both Saturdays and Sundays; the round-trip ticket from Omaha cost $1.11, and that from Lincoln $1.10.</p><br>
<p>Motorists could also reach Linoma. In 1911, the Omaha-Denver Transcontinental Route Association had been established in Nebraska as part of the Good Roads Movement. The Association had laid out the route of the Omaha-Lincoln-Denver (O‑L‑D) Highway and begun work on improving it. In 1920, the highway was incorporated into the Detroit-Lincoln-Denver (D‑L‑D) Highway. The Federal Highway Act of 1921 had directed federal funds for highway improvement; this allowed Nebraska to begin gravelling the D‑L‑D Highway. By 1927, an advertisement for Linoma Beach pointed out that the route was entirely gravelled, and could be driven in all weathers.</p><br>
<h3>Opening</h3><br>
<p>Linoma Beach held its grand opening on July 4, 1924. The company&#39;s 1924 financial statement suggests that there were several thousand visitors in that first year (for example, receipts for beach admission totaled $1,236, at 25 cents a person). The resort was popular at night as well as by day, and the nightly dances contributed significantly to its popularity.</p><br>
<p>Responding to this, Simpson, who bought out Schellberg in 1925, installed a dance pavilion and began charging five cents for dancing; local bands played on Wednesday, Saturday, and Sunday nights. These were generally but not universally popular: the ministers of Ashland complained of decreased church attendance on Sunday nights. Unsatisfied with the results of a meeting with the Linoma manager, a delegation of three ministers called on the state attorney general, and were gratified to learn that Nebraska had a strict law forbidding Sunday night dancing. However, Simpson found a way to maintain the revenue stream. A perusal of the law revealed that it was illegal to conduct a public dance on Sunday, but that private dance clubs could rent the pavilion and dance the night away undisturbed by the law. The "Ben Ahamo" dance club was launched, and memberships offered as part of Linoma&#39;s entertainment package.</p><br>
<p>The resort, including the evening dances, remained popular. For the 1927 season, the picnic grounds were expanded with the addition of 75 new tables and the planting of 300 maple trees. For weed control, the manager brought in a herd of one hundred sheep. For the 1928 season, the entire recreation area was fenced; this allowed the manager to charge an admission fee of ten cents on Sundays, although admission to the grounds remained free for the rest of the week.</p><br>
<p>The onset of the Great Depression did not appear to diminish Linoma&#39;s popularity; 1,700 people were admitted on July 4, 1930. However, dancing was becoming less of an attraction. In 1930, dances were only held on one night a week. In 1931, the railroad line and the highway, now designated USA Highway 38, were re-aligned following a series of floods. The re-alignment necessitated the demolition of the dance pavilion, and it was not rebuilt.</p><br>
<h3>The automobile age</h3><br>
<p>As automobile ownership increased and roads were improved, more and more patrons began arriving at Linoma by road. Simpson responded to this in 1933 by paving a parking lot and surrounding it with an octagonal stone wall. To accommodate the increased number of visitors, 100 new tables were installed, increasing the seating capacity to 5,000.</p><br>
<p>To entice motor tourists, roadside businesses across Nebraska installed whimsical and eye-catching structures. Wigwam-themed buildings were constructed in several places in Nebraska, including a motel court in Hastings and a gift shop in Atlanta. The Showboat complex near Hastings was built in the likeness of a Mississippi River side-wheeler, complete with a paddle wheel dipping into the Nebraska sod.</p><br>
<p>As a waterside attraction, Linoma opted for a maritime theme. In 1939, a 100 ft lighthouse was constructed beside the highway. The base of the lighthouse was a glass-and-masonry filling station. A central spiral staircase led to observation decks on the second and tenth stories; the tenth-floor deck ran around the lighthouse&#39;s beacon. The rooms above the first story have plumbing, stoves, and windows; although there is no documentation to support the conjecture, it is likely that they were intended for overnight guests.</p><br>
<p>Gasoline rationing during World War II put an end to automobile tourism for the duration of the war. When the war ended, the lighthouses beacon flashed the Morse code "V" for "victory". However, Linomas fortunes declined. The lighthouse fell into disrepair, and the restaurant closed. A drowning in 2005 and another in 2009 led to temporary closures and raised liability concerns for the owners. In 2009, the resort&#39;s neighbors complained to the Sarpy County Planning Commission that the site was becoming an eyesore and that loose furniture and other items were being left out by departing summer campers, in contravention of floodplain restrictions.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation and restoration</h2><br>
<p>In 2003, Linoma Beach was listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The lighthouse was judged especially significant, as representative of a vanishing type of early twentieth century roadside architecture.</p><br>
<p>In 2010, a group of five local investors operating as Linoma and Lighthouse LLC bought the property at a foreclosure auction for $905,000, an amount well below its tax-assessed value. The group proposed to maintain the campground, seek an operator to lease the restaurant, and hold special events at the resort. They also expressed the intention to transfer ownership of the lighthouse to a foundation established to restore, preserve, and protect it.</p><br>
<p>In 2011, Linoma Beach was open seven days a week during the season. The campground remained open; the swimming beach was re-opened, without the large iceberg-shaped inflatable floats that had been named as a liability concern in the 2005 drowning; and a beach-themed bar and grill, the Linoma Beach Bar, had been established under the management of a classically trained and Caribbean-experienced chef. At that time, no one had been found to operate the restaurant. Although inclement weather caused the cancellation of the resort&#39;s first special event of the season, attendance was generally good: the 2011 Missouri River floods had benefitted Linoma by closing a number of riverfront resorts and forcing their clientele to seek new venues of pleasure.</p><br>
<p>The Insco Apartments is a historic apartment building in downtown Dayton, Ohio, United States. It was designed by Charles Insco Williams, a native of Dayton, and constructed in 1894.</p><br>
<p>The Insco Apartments were the focus of an early historic preservation battle. The location for which they had been planned, at the junction of Main Street and Monument Avenue, had been occupied since Daytons earliest days by a still-standing log cabin. This building had been used for numerous purposes over the past century, including serving as the first courthouse and jail for Montgomery County, the citys first school, its earliest church, and even its first tavern. Opposition to its demolition arose for fear that children might lose the last of what today would be called the built environment of their great-grandparents&#39; day, including this log cabin whose walls still bore bullets from Indian raids. The champion of the save-the-cabin cause was Mary Steele, whose columns in the local paper impelled many influential citizens toward saving the cabin and moving it elsewhere.</p><br>
<p>None of the buildings original plans survive; they, along with practically all of the original plans produced by Williams office, disappeared many years ago. Built of brick on a stone foundation and covered with an asbestos roof, it was constructed to permit Williams to advertise it as "the only fire-proof apartment in southwest Ohio" upon its completion at the cost of $168,000. Instead of simply designing buildings for others use, Williams embarked on real estate development, operating the apartment buildings he designed; he would mortgage each building soon after its completion in order to obtain money for the next one, and rents from his tenants would finance the mortgage. For many years, this scheme worked admirably, but the chaos during and after the Great Flood of 1913 completely upset it, and Williams banks foreclosed on the Insco and other Williams-owned properties as a result.</p><br>
<p>At its centenary, the Insco was accorded national recognition by being placed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its architecture and because of its place in local history.</p><br>
<p>The Benjamin F. Kuhns Building is a historic commercial building on Main Street in downtown Dayton, Ohio, United States. Distinguished by its little-modified late nineteenth-century architecture, it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Built of brick covered with a slate roof, the Romanesque Revival building features elements of stone and terracotta. Its facade is divided into five bays, each of which features a large arch, while the street-facing southern side is functionally a larger form of the facade. The building was designed by Peters and Burns, However, the building was not always used for commercial purposes; an arts school operated in the building during the 1888-1889 schoolyear. Among the building&#39;s interior features is a mail chute, which according to local lore is one of the earliest installed in any building nationwide.</p><br>
<p>Benjamin Kuhns, the building&#39;s namesake, moved from Lancaster, Pennsylvania to Dayton in 1855 at the age of thirty. By his fiftieth birthday, Kuhns was a prominent industrialist, having taken a small Dayton firm and turned it into a prominent manufacturer of agricultural equipment. He was also a prominent philanthropist, having been one of the primary founders of Miami Valley Hospital.</p><br>
<p>The Benjamin Kuhns Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in April 1978, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. By the early twenty-first century, the Kuhns Building had undergone a highly successful redevelopment process, but like the Kettering Tower and several other downtown buildings, it experienced foreclosure in 2010 after the corporation that owned it fell behind on the mortgage and on property taxes.</p><br>
<p>Agrafa  is a village and a municipality in Evrytania, Central Greece. Its administrative center is the village Kerasochori. It is named after the wide mountainous region of Agrafa, of which it occupies only the SW part.</p><br>
<p>It consists of villages and hamlets spread on the mountain slopes around the river Agrafiotis. Like the rest of Agrafa area, they are known for their complete autonomy throughout the four centuries of Ottoman occupation of Greece, being home to many bands of fighters against the Ottoman rule; including Antonis Katsantonis who is considered as the local hero.</p><br>
<p>The villages are still undeveloped touristically. There are some basic facilities in the bigger villages - family-run hostels and taverns.</p><br>
<h2>Municipality</h2><br>
<p>The municipality Agrafa was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 5 former municipalities, that became municipal units (constituent communities in brackets):</p><br>
<p>Agrafa (Agrafa, Epiniana, Marathos, Monastiraki, Tridendro, Trovato, Vrangiana)</p><br>
<p>Aperantia (Granitsa, Limeri, Lithochori, Sivista, Topoliana, Valaora, Voulpi)</p><br>
<p>Aspropotamos (Kedra, Lepiana, Neo Argyri, Prasia, Raptopoulo)</p><br>
<p>Fragkista (Anatoliki Fragkista, Dytiki Fragkista, Episkopi, Marathia, Palaiochori, Palaiokatouna, Tripotamo)</p><br>
<p>Viniani (Agios Dimitrios, Chryso, Dafni, Kerasochori, Mavrommata, Viniani)</p><br>
<p>The municipality has an area of 920.341 km, the municipal unit 288.574 km.</p><br>
<h2>Sources & external links</h2><br>
<p>The Teatro de la Zarzuela is a theatre in Madrid, Spain. The theatre is today mainly devoted to zarzuela , as well as operetta and recitals.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The theatre was designed by architect Jerónimo de la Gándara and built by José María Sánchez Guallart on the initiative of the Spanish Lyrical Company to provide a space for performances of operettas in the Spanish capital. It was modelled on the La Scala theatre in Milan with its three-level horseshoe form and opened to the public on 10 October 1856, the birthday of Queen Isabella II. The name refers to zarzuela, a theatre form that alternates spoken and sung scenes. Its promoters were established masters of the genre such as Francisco Asenjo Barbieri, Rafael Calleja Gómez, Joaquín Gaztambide, Rafael Hernando, José Inzenga, baritono Francisco de Salas, librettist Luis de Olona and composer Cristóbal Oudrid, under Francisco de las Rivas, an important banker.</p><br>
<p>In the second half of the nineteenth century, Teatro de la Zarzuela became Madrids leading opera house, staging many of the great masterworks. On November 9, 1909 the building was virtually destroyed by fire. The rebuild by Cesareo Iradier reduced the amount of wood and metal, and in 1914 Maestro Luna raised the curtain with his orchestra to reopen the theatre. With the Teatro Real opera house closed from 1925 to 1997, Teatro de la Zarzuela remained Madrids leading venue throughout the period and hosted most major opera events. The theatre&#39;s resident ensemble is the Community of Madrid Orchestra.</p><br>
<p>The ceiling originally featured magnificent works by the painters Francisco Hernández Tomé and Manuel Castellanos, but these were destroyed in renovations and structural changes that were made in 1956. The theatre then was acquired by the Sociedad General de Autores de España, although much of the facade and interior ornamentation was lost. Later it became the property of the state. In 1984 the Ministry of Culture, with Madrid still lacking an opera house, expanded the range of activities beyond zarzuela and opera to encompass flamenco and other dance. The building was given heritage status in 1994, and in 1998 was again remodelled, restoring much of the original structure and form.</p><br>
<p>Eitel Hospital  is a former hospital building in Minneapolis, Minnesota, located across from Loring Park. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The building is a brick building primarily in the Classical Revival style, made plainer when its original cornice was removed. The hospital was founded by Dr. George Eitel in 1912 and served wealthy citizens of Minneapolis. It featured sun porches with Navajo rugs and private rooms with brass beds and mahogany furniture. His wife Jeanne Eitel, a nurse, directed the nursing school.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, it began a formal alliance with Abbott Northwestern Hospital, and in 1985, the 144-bed hospital closed. The building later became the Willow Street Center for Youth and Families.</p><br>
<p>In 2005, Village Green Companies submitted a proposal for renovating the former Eitel Hospital building into apartments, along with two additional six-story buildings on the block. The proposal included an adaptive reuse renovation of the 1911 building, along with rebuilding the cornice in a design similar to the original cornice. Later additions to the building were proposed for demolition. Ground was broken on the complex on October 25, 2006 and Eitel Building City Apartments was completed in September 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Hanover Bridge is a historic metal pin-connected Pratt through truss bridge spanning the Crow River between Hanover and Hassan Township, Minnesota, United States, on the border of Wright and Hennepin Counties. It is the second-oldest Pratt truss bridge remaining in Minnesota. The Hanover Bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 for having local significance in the themes of engineering and transportation. It was nominated as a well-preserved example of a bridge type once common in Wright County.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The Hanover Bridge was built in 1885 by the Morse Bridge Company of Youngstown, Ohio. The company later changed its name to the Youngstown Bridge Company, and merged into the American Bridge Company in 1900. The Hanover Bridge is 231 ft long, with a 15.1 ft roadbed and a 13.5 ft vertical clearance. Its wooden deck was replaced in 1965 in a style similar to the original.</p><br>
<h2>Weight limitations</h2><br>
<p>The bridge carried traffic until December 1966, although its weight limit was rather low. Children riding school buses to school would have to get off on one side and walk across the bridge, and then the bus would slowly drive across and pick up the students on the other side.</p><br>
<p>Although the bridge was later replaced by a modern concrete structure 1,500 ft to the west, the old bridge is in use as a pedestrian bridge. Hanover citizens renovated the bridge in the 1980s. Additional rehabilitation work was completed in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Botanie Mountain, also spelled Bootahnie Mountain, is a mountain in the Clear Range of the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada. It is located immediately north of the village of Lytton, which is situated at the confluence of the Thompson and Fraser Rivers.</p><br>
<h2>Access and fire lookout</h2><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The older spelling "Boothanie" is suggestive of the proper pronunciation of the mountains name, i.e. it is unlike the English word "botany" and has been "phonetically" spelled as Boo-TAW-ny. In the language of the Thompson or Nlakapamux people, it means "covered", "covering" or "blanketed all over", which is thought to be a reference to its shroud of cloud or fog in times of bad weather, or else a reference to the abundant plant cover in the area. The Botanie Valley, which is formed by Botanie Creek on its east flank and runs south from Botanie Lake, is an important food-plant gathering area for the Nlaka&#39;pamux.</p><br>
<p>A publication of the Geological Survey of Canada, Summary Report from 1894, asserts the name-origin (p. 402B) to the Shuswap language of the Secwepemc people, meaning "perpetual root place". Secwepemc territory today begins in the basin of Hat Creek, which lies on the "inside" of the Clear Range to the northwest of Botanie Mountain. The mountain is, however, decidedly in Nlaka&#39;pamux territory.</p><br>
<p>Bolands Centre is a heritage-listed department store at Lake Street, Cairns, Cairns Region, Queensland, Australia. Designed by Edward Gregory Waters and built in 1912, the Centre was home to a David Jones department store and a prominent toy shop. It is also known as Bolands Building and Bolands Departmental Store. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 April 2006.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Bolands Centre, a large reinforced concrete former department store, was erected in 1912-1913 for Michael Boland, an Irish immigrant who migrated to Australia in 1881 and became a leading merchant in Cairns. The building was designed by the Cairns architect Edward Gregory Waters, and for many years was the tallest structure in the city. It is the last surviving example of a large, early 20th century department store in Cairns.</p><br>
<p>Michael Boland was born in 1863 in Ireland. He came from an impoverished rural background but at the age of fifteen moved to Dublin to study business for a year. Around 1879 he emigrated to Australia, initially lodging in Melbourne, then moving briefly to Queanbeyan, New South Wales, where he gained practical experience as a grocer in his uncle&#39;s store. He then travelled north, arriving in Cairns in 1882, where he bought a small allotment in Lilly Street. Between 1882 and 1887 he became involved in a number of economic ventures within the Cairns district. These included a contract to clear Spence and Bunda Streets in Cairns in 1886, and in 1888 establishing the Camp Oven Creek Hotel at Barron Gorge during the building of the Cairns-to-Herberton railway line. He also held a selection on the Russell River, north of Innisfail, and was reputed to have spent time tin-mining at Bloomfield and working on the construction of the Cape York telegraph line. From these ventures he accumulated sufficient capital to return to Cairns by 1890 and establish a modest grocery shop in leased wooden premises in Abbott Street, which was the initial commercial centre of Cairns.</p><br>
<p>In 1893 Michael Boland, like many people at the time, struggled to keep his business viable in the face of a world recession and the temporary closure of the National Bank of Queensland. Conditions were made more difficult in Cairns by the onset of the so-called "store wars", an intense competitive struggle between five key merchant firms: Michael Boland, Burns Philp & Co., G.R. Mayers & Co. and two newly opened co-operatives, the Co-operative Cash Stores and the Cairns Co-operative Store Co.</p><br>
<p>Michael Boland&#39;s business survived these difficulties and in 1898 shifted to a 40 perch allotment in Section 4, at the northeast corner of Lake and Spence Streets. As the Cairns grew, businesses moved from Abbott Street to adjoining streets, and in particular to Section 4, which was later referred to as "The Golden Block" due to its high concentration of prominent firms. Boland was among the first merchants to make this transition. In Spence Street, on the eastern portion of this land, Michael Boland built a single-storied timber shop which he ran as a general store. Boland also constructed three smaller, adjoining shops that he leased out to various small businesses. The western section of the allotment, which fronted Lake and Spence Streets, consisted of a sand ridge and low-lying swamp, and remained vacant.</p><br>
<p>By 1901 Boland had acquired an adjoining property fronting Lake Street, which contained three shops. Further down Lake Street, Michael Boland&#39;s brother, John, established a co-operative grocery and general store.</p><br>
<p>From these small beginnings Michael Boland gradually emerged as a pioneer of commerce in Cairns and built up an extensive business empire, which included investments in mining and the Cumming Brothers Butchery. His firm was among the biggest importers and retailers in Far North Queensland, dealing with an extensive range of goods, many sourced directly from overseas manufacturers.</p><br>
<p>The contribution of the firm to the prosperity of Cairns and its district was considerable. Until the link to the state railway system was made in the early 1920s, Cairns remained a relatively isolated community accessed primarily by sea, and the Boland firm was instrumental in satisfying many of its material needs. It was also a major employer while its lines of credit allowed many early sugar growers to survive the hard years of this industry&#39;s infancy.</p><br>
<p>Michael Boland was among the most prominent citizens of Cairns. He was elected to the Cairns Municipal Council in 1896 and was briefly appointed a director of the local Penny Savings Bank in 1899. He was a high-profile supporter of worker&#39;s rights, the Labour Party and early unionism, and also had some association with the local Chinese community, in 1904 giving money to help effect repairs to one of the temples and acting as the receiver for the firm of Sun Shun Lee during its liquidation.</p><br>
<p>Among Michael Bolands most significant roles was his association with the Cairns Harbour Board. In 1899 Boland, with his friend and fellow merchant, Callaghan Walsh, began publicly agitating for the formation of a Harbour Board. They saw this as essential for the growth of trade in Cairns, but faced strong opposition, in particular from one of Bolands fiercest commercial rivals, A.J. Draper, who argued that such a move was premature for the community resources at the time. Following heated public debate, Boland and his faction were successful in establishing the Provisional Harbour Board in 1899, but it took six years of further lobbying before the Cairns Harbour Board was constituted on 20 December 1905. It had its first meeting on 28 February 1906. The Board consisted of 9 members, two representing the Town of Cairns, and 7 representing outlying regions. Both Boland and Walsh were elected as the members for Cairns, and in 1909 Boland was elected chairman. Over the ensuing years the Harbour Board played a critical role in developing Cairns into a major port in North Queensland by improving wharf facilities and implementing the dredging of the harbour to allow deepwater birthing.</p><br>
<p>In 1902 Bolands business had grown sufficiently to warrant major improvements to his existing premises and construction of a spacious single-storied concrete shop fronting Spence Street, the first large concrete building erected in Cairns. The construction of this store necessitated the partial demolition of the original wooden shop. The new building carried an ornate facade with pediment and parapet, and a bullnose verandah. The verandah had paired columns with decorative brackets, and a frieze of rectangular fretwork. When completed the upgrade permitted Boland to begin the process of transforming his business from a simple general store into a large emporium with separate grocery, haberdashery and hardware departments. Department stores represented a new approach to retailing and were becoming prominent in all of Queenslands main centres and represented a new approach to retailing. The traditional retail business that had dominated Queensland&#39;s 19th century retail landscape was centred on a relatively narrow range of products and activities, and in its design and layout gave little consideration to consumer psychology. The department store, however, offered an extensive range of goods and services and created for the consumer an encompassing retail environment that was enjoyable and encouraged shopping.</p><br>
<p>By 1909 Michael Boland&#39;s department store had proved successful and he expanded his business into his adjacent three Lake Street stores, displacing the earlier tenants. Then in 1911 he commissioned Cairns architect Edward Gregory Waters to draw up plans for a new building to be built on the site of the swamp at the vacant corner of Lake and Spence Streets. Waters, who had previously worked in Rockhampton, Mount Morgan and Gympie, was active in Cairns from 1909 until 1917. While in Cairns he worked as the Cairns Harbour Board Engineer. He was a specialist in ferro-concrete construction and was responsible for a number of prominent buildings in Cairns, including the Central Hotel and St. Josephs Convent.</p><br>
<p>The plans for Michael Bolands new building were approved by the Cairns Town Engineer in May 1912 and JT Bullock was awarded the contract for the construction. Reflecting Bolands increasing wealth and social status, the building was to be an impressive structure of reinforced concrete, the first three-storeyed building in Cairns. Although Boland had pioneered all-concrete construction methods in his 1902 building, in 1912 Cairns was still a town of timber, brick and corrugated iron and the use of concrete for the new building was still a comparatively early use of reinforced concrete in Queensland. Due to its strength and insulating qualities, concrete construction proved highly suitable to the tropical climate and cyclonic conditions experienced in North Queensland and in later decades dominated its building industry.</p><br>
<p>The construction work, carried out during 1912 and 1913, was a major undertaking that elicited interest from the local press. The swamp at the site was drained and filled but due to the unstable nature of the ground the building sat on a floating foundation laid with girders rather than traditional piles. The walls, floors, internal columns and decorative details of the facade were cast in moulds. The Portland cement used for the building was imported in casks from England and poured using an innovative concrete roller mixer with an independent hoist system. An English firm, Dorman, Long and Co., who later supplied steel for the Sydney Harbour Bridge, prefabricated the steel work for the building.</p><br>
<p>The building was rectangular in plan, and when completed measured 27.6 metres by 19.8 metres, with the long axis oriented along Spence Street. The remaining section of the early wooden store had been demolished and the new building was connected internally to the 1902 store. It also had entrances on both Spence and Lake streets. The bullnose corrugated iron awning of the 1902 emporium was extended along both street frontages of the new building and repeated the earlier paired columns, pierced frieze and other decorative elements.</p><br>
<p>At ground level the Lake and Spence Street facade carried large, rectangular shop windows of clear plate-glass imported from England. On the first and second floor levels the facade was executed in an imposing, ornate style, based predominantly on Classical and Romanesque elements. On the upper storeys the fenestration consisted of a combination of fixed and top-hung sash windows, with a single round window incorporated into the facade at the Lake and Spence Street corner at the second floor level. Immediately above the awning there was also a series of narrow, rectangular, bottom-hinged windows. Early photographs suggest the upper storey windows were filled with opaque glass.</p><br>
<p>The rear (north and east) walls of the building were unornamented and pierced by rectangular, double-hung, four-pane sash windows. Early photographs indicate that the building was painted in light, neutral colours with the name Bolands picked out in darker colour under the parapet and on the east wall. The north wall carried the line "Bolands Departmental Store".</p><br>
<p>The roof of the building was flat and of poured concrete construction, and as such was the first known example of this type of roof in Cairns, and among the earliest in Queensland. It was waterproofed by a layer of bitumen and drained by five openings on the parapet on the north side, which connected to two down-pipes. This space was accessible to the public and was referred to as the "plateau" in Waters&#39; design proposal, and as the "roof garden" by staff members. During World War I musicians used it as a stage for patriotic performances. Along the Spence and Lake Street sides the roof was protected by an ornamented parapet incorporating finials, arches, and balustrades of interlocked concrete circles.</p><br>
<p>The building was installed with an electric passenger elevator, the first to be included in any building in Cairns, and among the earliest examples of this technology in North Queensland. The motor and control unit were housed on the roof in a centrally located square tower with a lower wing projecting from the west side. Waters&#39; design called for a two-tier, ogee-style roof but it is unclear whether this was ever built, and from at least the 1920s the elevator tower had a shallow, hipped roof.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the building was open plan, with the floors and roof being supported by iron girders and large internal columns of reinforced concrete. The floors, like the roof, were of concrete slab construction, and also early examples of their type in Queensland. A well hole passing through the centre of the first and second floors helped conduct air and light through the building. The upper floors were accessed by wooden stairs as well as the electric lift. The building was completed in time for the 1913 Christmas trade, with the shop windows carrying brilliant displays of electroplated Birmingham silverware. The new building marked the development of Michael Boland&#39;s business into one of the first modern department stores in North Queensland. It allowed the further organisation and growth of separate departments providing customers with an extensive choice of goods and services. The firm was able to cater not only to the local trade but also to visitors from all over the vast hinterland for which Cairns was the centre.</p><br>
<p>The building also gained recognition as a city icon, and the intersection of Lake and Spence Street became known as Boland&#39;s Corner. Physically, through its height, mass and striking style, the building dominated the streetscape.</p><br>
<p>The ongoing success of firm was marked in 1915 when the Articles of Association of Bolands Limited were filed at the office of the Register of Joint Stock Companies and a branch store in Babinda was opened. In 1923, however, the firm suffered the loss of Michael Boland, who died of a heart condition in 1923. Control of the department store passed to his three sons: Thomas, William and James. Thomas assumed the position of head manager while the other brothers acted as departmental managers. Under their direction the firm continued to grow and by Cairns&#39; jubilee in 1926 the store at Spence and Lake Streets boasted 15 departments and buying offices in London, New York, Kobe and all the Australian states.</p><br>
<p>During this period Thomas Boland initiated a number of cosmetic and functional alterations to the store, among the first being painting out the "Departmental Store" sign on the northern face, and installing a freight lift shaft, which could be seen as an extra tower on the northeast corner of the building&#39;s roof. In 1929 extensive remodelling of the interior was undertaken. The architect responsible was E.H. Boden, and G.A. Stronach was the builder. New shop fronts incorporating polished stone veneer and large square shop windows were also installed by Burns, Johnsson and Humphreys. The total cost of the renovations was estimated at £19, 000. Other changes included the installation of electricity at the end of the 1920s, and during the 1930s the awning frieze was changed from fretwork to a solid panel carrying the Boland name, and the balustrade on the parapet was converted into a solid wall.</p><br>
<p>Another important change occurred in 1936/37 when, as part of the firm&#39;s 75th anniversary celebrations, the store was extended to the east onto part of an adjacent allotment. This new two-storey wing, designed by VM Brown and constructed by WC Kyanastan, was also constructed in reinforced concrete. It was 19.8 metres wide and 19.5 metres deep. It possessed a concrete first floor with a large central well hole, large plate-glass windows and a roof of wood and iron. The facade incorporated lineal motifs, large rosettes and starburst medallions, and three glass doors opening onto small concrete balconies with ornamental iron railings. Along the street frontage there was a cantilevered awning.</p><br>
<p>During World War II the Bolands firm felt the effects of disrupted shipping and the rationing of goods. During this period the first floor of the east wing of the store was occupied by the American Navy.</p><br>
<p>In the post-war period the firm experienced a resurgence trade and prosperity. During the 1950s new furniture and toy departments and a mezzanine floor were installed in the three-story building. Sometime after 1950 the original awning was replaced by a flat, cantilevered awning. In 1962 the 1902 store was demolished and replaced by a new building and the frontages and fittings of the other buildings were updated. By this date Bolands Ltd was the largest department store in Cairns, employing 100 staff.</p><br>
<p>At various times the store was damaged by natural elements. Until the Cairns City Council put in new drainage, the Lake and Spence Street corner was subject to flooding in the wet season, and in the 1930s and 1955 the ground floor was inundated. In 1924 three large windows on the Spence Street side of the main store building were mysteriously smashed, reputedly by lightning, and in 1951 a fire broke out on the top floor, damaging the ceiling and wooden partitions. As it aged, the roof also began to leak badly, and was eventually covered with Colorbond sheeting.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Boland retired in 1963 and the directors of the firm sold their shareholding to the Sydney-based firm of David Jones Ltd. David Jones appointed Thomass son, Terry, as manager of the store. In 1967 David Jones installed a cafeteria, milk bar and small goods section on the ground floor and the largest chilled water air-conditioning plant in North Queensland. David Jones gradually replaced the Bolands logo in the newspaper advertising but never removed the Boland name from the building. Title to the Spence/Lake Street corner block was transferred to David Jones in 1979 but the firms occupation of the site ceased in 1984 when it relocated to new premises at Earlville. During the 1970s and early 1980s the Bolands Building had steadily become redundant as the Cairns central business district, along with other Australian centres, suffered the effects of a nationwide drift of retailing activity to the suburbs. Soon after the departure of David Jones the building was acquired by the Kern Brothers Corporation, which significantly remodelled it at a cost of $2,000,000. Aware of the building&#39;s iconic status, the new owners retained the first and second floor facades, and the open-plan interior of the second floor. The lower levels were converted into individual shops on the ground floor and offices on the first floor. Other internal changes included the installation of false ceilings, the removal of the old internal staircases, and the closure of the passenger elevator. Externally, the ground street shop frontages were remodelled in an imitation Victorian period style. New windows and facades carried arched decorative panels, and the awning was fitted with non-structural, reproduction Classical columns and cast-metal friezes. A third entrance was created at the Lake and Spence Street corner. The entire building was repainted externally with a special paint selected to minimise future deterioration.</p><br>
<p>The building re-opened as the Bolands Centre in May 1985 with considerable fanfare. The redevelopment was lauded as a landmark example of adaptive re-use of an historic building and emerged as a key event that stimulated the revival of the Cairns central business district during the late 1980s and 1990s. In 1987 the Prettejohn family bought the building and since 1991 it has been managed by Pearce Coleman & Associates. The last major changes to its fabric occurred in 1999 when the north and east faces of the three-storied building were clad in COLORBOND which blocked all window openings on these elevations. Around this time the ground floor shop fronts were once again remodelled.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Bolands Centre comprises a three storey concrete building (Building A), erected in 1912/1913 on the corner of Lake and Spence Streets, and a 1960s single storey building (Building B) of brick and COLORBOND sheeting on Spence Street. The latter is not considered to be of cultural heritage significance. Historically the centre has been associated with a number of other buildings on adjoining allotments that together formed an extensive department store established by the Cairns merchant, Michael Boland.</p><br>
<h3>Building A</h3><br>
<p>Above the street level the exterior of Building A is executed in a grandiose, ornate style employing an eclectic mix of Classical and Romanesque design elements. The facade is asymmetrical, with the top two stories tied together by a blind arcade incorporating Romanesque arches with exaggerated keystones and pilasters surmounted by composite capitals. The facade also incorporates horizontally arranged panels of relief-moulded interlocked circles at the juncture of the ground and first floor, similar panels of relief-moulded arches at the juncture of the first and second floor, and the Boland&#39;s name in prominent relief lettering beneath the parapet. The facade is painted in cream with some details picked out in dark green. The rear of the building is clad in yellow COLORBOND sheeting.</p><br>
<p>On the first floor facade the fenestration consists of pairs of arched windows, contained within arched recesses, alternating with rectangular windows arranged singly or in groups of two or four. Transoms divide these windows horizontally into three sections. The majority are filled with modern clear glass or glass louvers, but in the semi-circular transom lights of the arched windows early, opaque, textured glass is retained. The Lake and Spence Street corner of the building is pierced by a single rectangular window which is blocked out with a panel that supports an illuminated sign reading: "Bolands Centre".</p><br>
<p>On the second floor level the fenestration is dominated by triple arched windows and large, arched windows divided by three thick, radiating concrete mullions. A large, round window also perforates the facade at the Lake and Spence Street corner. All the windows at this level are filled with modern, clear glass set in aluminium frames.</p><br>
<p>The street level shop fronts have green marble facing and modern, rectangular glass shop windows. The awning is a flat-roofed cantilevered type supported above by tubular metal braces fixed to the facade, and incorporating non-structural; singly arranged, fluted, iron columns ornamented with Corinthian capitals and cast-iron fringe. The footpath is of concrete and clay brick pavers.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s roof is flat and sheeted with modern Colorbond iron. It is surrounded on the south and west sides by an ornamented parapet incorporating finials and arches, and on the north and east sides by a plain parapet. Below the ornamented parapet runs an eave supported by closely spaced corbels. Projecting from the roof is a centrally located elevator house comprising a square-based tower and projecting wing, and a tower for the freight elevator shaft on the northeast corner.</p><br>
<p>Internally the building consists of series of shops of various sizes on the ground floor and business offices on the first floor. The main entrance foyer on Spence Street still retains early black and white floor tiling and has some white-painted wood arching, elaborate plaster cornices and ceiling mouldings. Above the suspended ceiling of the first floor there are still substantial remains of the original ceiling, including decorative, pressed metal panels and scrolled concrete capitals associated with some of the internal columns.</p><br>
<p>The second floor, which cannot be accessed by the public, retains its original open plan. The ceiling consists of permanent formwork of curved corrugated iron sheets resting on exposed iron beams. These are supported by thick, plain, squared columns. The floor is concrete and shows traces of previous rubberised coverings and red paint. A walk-in Chubb safe room with an external wooden bench stand against the eastern wall. The centre of the floor is pieced by a square well hole surrounded by an intact silkyoak balustrade constructed in an angular style with pinnacled newell-posts. The view through the well hole to the ground floor is now blocked by the suspended ceiling of the first floor. The original staircase connecting the second and the first floor has been replaced by a metal ladder. The staircase was originally attached to the northern wall, near the goods lift shaft. A partial outline of the staircase in the paintwork on the wall indicates it was constructed in a style matching the balustrade of the well hole.</p><br>
<p>The paintwork on the internal walls of the second floor, which is peeling extensively, shows a range of colour layers, including light yellow, light blue and white. The windows in the rear walls have silkyoak architraves and most are double-hung, four-pane sashes glazed with opaque hexagonal wired glass. A number of these windows have had the lower sash permanently raised, with the opening filled with metal- framed glass louvers, while a small number have had their panes entirely replaced by glass louvers.</p><br>
<p>The electric passenger elevator car and associated shaft and machinery remain in situ. The elevator car is constructed of dark-stained English oak. On the second floor and in the elevator house there is a lift shaft enclosure with panelling, doors and decorative frieze of dark-stained English oak. The elevator house is accessed by a wooden staircase that runs up the side of the second floor lift well enclosure. The intact motor and control unit are intact and sit within the roof space of the elevator house, which is accessed by an iron ladder leading to a hatchway. The windows within the electric elevator house are double-hung and glazed with hexagonal wired glass. The bottom sashes are single paned, while the top sashes are triple paned.</p><br>
<p>The freight lift shaft is still visible on the second floor but the mechanism has been removed. There are, however, the remains of the attachment system evident in the roof space.</p><br>
<h3>Building B</h3><br>
<p>The adjoining Building B is a single storey Besser-brick and iron structure. At street level it shares the same awning, green marble facing and window style as Building A. Above the awning the facade is covered in cream-painted COLORBOND iron. Internally the building is subdivided into modern retail outlets. Due to its late construction and extensive internal modifications it is of relatively low cultural heritage value.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Bolands Centre was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 April 2006 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Bolands Centre, constructed in 1912/13, is significant as it demonstrates the growth of Cairns as a centre of commerce in Queensland, and the evolution of Queensland&#39;s retail industry. The building was erected to house a large department store during the early twentieth century, a period of strong economic growth in Cairns, and a time when department stores, offering a wide range of goods and services, were being established in Queensland. During the 1980s the Bolands Centre was remodelled and led the rejuvenation of the Cairns central business district following a national drift of retail business from town centres to the suburbs.The place is significant because of the inclusion of a number of innovative ideas. In its scale and striking design the building represented a creative achievement for Cairns at the time. The construction process was a major undertaking and required some technical innovation. The building was one of the earliest large commercial structures in Far North Queensland to be entirely constructed of concrete, a practice that would later become common due to the capacity of concrete to cope with the tropical climate and cyclones. The structure was also the first large building in Cairns, and among the earliest in Far North Queensland, to incorporate an electric passenger elevator. When it was completed the Bolands Centre was to be among the first modern department stores in Far North Queensland. In later years it continued to incorporate new technologies and ideas.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&apos;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The Bolands Centre is a rare surviving Far North Queensland example of a large, pre-World War I department store. Department stores were established in Brisbane and the main provincial centres of Queensland, including Cairns, but the Bolands Centre is the only extant example in Far North Queensland. Although remodelled on its lower floors, its facade remains intact, elements of the original ceilings survive, and the top floor, with associated elevator machinery, has remained undeveloped.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The Bolands Centre is important in demonstrating the principle characteristics of large department stores of the pre-World War I period. Its size and ornate detailing reflect the social aspirations and entrepreneurial strategies of the business elite who built such stores, while the surviving internal elements, particularly the undeveloped top floor and elevator, demonstrate the layout, design principles and technology employed. The Bolands Centre is also associated with work of Edward Gregory Waters, a prominent Cairns architect who designed the building and was responsible for a number of important structures within the city.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The building has aesthetic value due to the height, scale and the detailing of the facade, which is largely intact. The facade is of cast concrete executed in an ornate style, based an eclectic mix of Classical and other design elements, which projects an imposing, elegant presence on the streetscape.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The place has social significance as an iconic landmark due to its size, aesthetic appeal and longevity within the streetscape of Cairns, and the role it has played in the business life of Far North Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Bolands Centre has direct associations with Michael Boland and his family, who built it and managed it for many years. Michael Boland was an early and important entrepreneur who established a large, long-lived commercial empire in Cairns and became one of the community&#39;s leading citizens.</p><br>
<p>North East Neighborhood House  is a building in the Northeast neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota. The building housed a social services organization established in 1915 by Plymouth Church, a Minneapolis congregational church. The roots of the organization go back to Immanuel Sunday School, established in 1881 near Second Street Northeast and Broadway Street Northeast. The school later built a new building, Drummond Hall, near Second Street Northeast and 15th Avenue Northeast. The church expanded its programs to include various social services and clubs for neighborhood residents who had immigrated to Northeast Minneapolis from France, Germany, and Scandinavia. The demographics of the area had changed by the 1910s, though, and most of the newcomers were from eastern Europe. These newcomers still needed social services, but since most of them were Catholic, they were unwilling to accept Protestant religious education. The attendance dropped, forcing Drummond Hall to close in 1913.</p><br>
<p>Plymouth Church still wanted to provide social services in northeast Minneapolis, so they commissioned a study to determine what they could provide for social services. The key finding of the study was that the neighborhood needed a sense of unity, since immigrants from various ethnic groups had differences with each other. The study found that they could acquaint new immigrants with American cultural norms and provide education, health care, and recreation. The church established a settlement house and hired Robbins Gilman, who had recently been fired from University Settlement House because of his support for the Industrial Workers of the World. The house opened in the Drummond Hall building, but later moved to a new, larger building a few blocks north.</p><br>
<p>Robbins Gilman was aided by his wife, Catheryne, who was also a reformer. She influenced some of the NENH&#39;s programs but was more active in other organizations. When the NENH began operations on January 20, 1915, it was one of four settlement houses in the city. It offered classes in sewing, cooking, carpentry, and dancing. It also provided a supervised setting for the children of the neighborhood to socialize.</p><br>
<p>Robbins Gilman hired one supervisor for boys and one for girls. This allowed him to focus on his grander ideas for the facility. A program to help women find work in conjunction with a day nursery was created. Within the first three years the NENH helped over 7,000 women find work. Gilman also began a dental clinic for children. As services expanded, so did the NENH&#39;s popularity.</p><br>
<p>In 1918 construction of a new facility in the neo-Georgian style designed by Kenyon and Main was begun. By August of the next year NENH staff had moved into the new building. During the 1920s the facility offered more services and continued to expand. Two new wings, which included a gymnasium and a dormitory, were completed in 1927. When the Great Depression hit, the NENH became a focal point for aid programs in the neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>In 1948 Gilman retired from his work at the NENH. He was succeeded by Lester Shaeffer and subsequently Joe Holewa, a native of the Northeast neighborhood. The latter half of the 20th century brought great changes to the NENH and other settlement houses. Government and well-funded private groups began dominating social services. The people who had grown up with the NENH moved out of the neighborhood; new arrivals were unfamiliar with its mission. The house continued in operation until the early 1960s, when it merged with the Margaret Barry House, another settlement house. The combined organization was renamed East Side Neighborhood Services. East Side Neighborhood Services moved out of the Georgian Revival building in 2001 and into a new, modern building. The 1919 building was renovated and now serves as apartments. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Wetterstein mountains , also simply called the Wetterstein, is a mountain group in the Northern Limestone Alps within the Eastern Alps. It is a relatively compact range located between Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Mittenwald, Seefeld in Tirol and Ehrwald. Part of it is in the German free state of Bavaria and part in the Austrian federal state of Tyrol. The main summit of the Wetterstein, the Zugspitze, is also the highest mountain in Germany.</p><br>
<p>The Wetterstein mountains are an ideal region for mountaineers and climbers. Mountain walkers sometimes need to allow for significant differences in elevation. The proximity of the range to the south German centres of population, the scenic landscape and its good network of cable cars and lifts mean that the mountains are heavily frequented by tourists for most of the year. There are, however, places in the Wetterstein that are rarely or never visited by people.</p><br>
<h2>Neighbouring ranges</h2><br>
<p>The Wetterstein borders on the following other mountain ranges of the Alps:</p><br>
<p>Ammergau Alps (to the west and north)</p><br>
<p>Bavarian Prealps (to the northeast)</p><br>
<p>Karwendel (to the east)</p><br>
<p>Mieming Chain (to the south)</p><br>
<p>In the AVE, the Alpine Club classification of the Eastern Alps, the Wetterstein and the Mieming range are classed as a single group.</p><br>
<h2>Boundaries</h2><br>
<p>The River Loisach forms the boundary of the range to the west and north, from the Ehrwald Basin to Garmisch-Partenkirchen. To the northeast the boundary runs from Garmisch-Partenkirchen to Mittenwald along the Kankerbach and Kranzbach streams and the Isar river. To the east the Isar forms the boundary from Mittenwald to Scharnitz. South of Scharnitz it continues along the Drahnbach stream to Seestadeln. To the south the boundary extends from Ehrwald along the Gaisbach stream and over the Ehrwalder Alm to the Gaistal valley (Leutascher Ache) and continues via Leutasch-Oberweidach and past the Simmelberg to the north to the Drahnbach.</p><br>
<p>The saddle between the Kankerbach and the Kranzbach (the Loisach – Isar watershed) links the Wetterstein with the Bavarian Prealps. The saddle near the Ehrwalder Alm is the link between the Wetterstein and Mieming Chain.</p><br>
<h2>Subgroups</h2><br>
<p>SOIUSA officially divides the Wettersteingebirge into two groups and eight subgroups:</p><br>
<p>Zugspitz-Gruppe</p><br>
<p>Zugspitz-Massiv</p><br>
<p>Riffelwand</p><br>
<p>Waxenstein-Massiv</p><br>
<p>Blassen-Massiv</p><br>
<p>Wettersteinhauptkamm</p><br>
<p>Hochwanner-Massiv</p><br>
<p>Dreitorspitze-Massiv</p><br>
<p>Wettersteinwand</p><br>
<p>Wamberg-Massiv</p><br>
<p>The Alpine Club Guide divides the range based on access:</p><br>
<p>Zugspitze and Zugspitzplatt ring (Plattumrahmung), the summits around the Zugspitzplatt</p><br>
<p>Riffelwandkamm (the northernmost of the side ridges radiating from the Zugspitze)</p><br>
<p>Waxensteinkamm (the continuation of the Riffelwandkamm)</p><br>
<p>Blassenkamm (the middle of the Wetterstein ridges, from the Zugspitze to the Alpspitze and beyond)</p><br>
<p>Wettersteinkamm (the southernmost and longest of the 3 ridges of the Wetterstein, from Gatterl in the west to Mittenwald in the east)</p><br>
<p>Arnstock (an isolated mountain massif near Scharnitz)</p><br>
<h2>Peaks</h2><br>
<p>The 10 highest summits of the Wetterstein are:</p><br>
<p>There are over 150 named summits in the Wetterstein with spot heights. Amongst the best known are (in order of height):</p><br>
<p>The Zugspitze is very frequently climbed using various routes and the Alpspitze summit, too, is a popular destination that can be reached on several different routes. The ridge of Jubiläumsgrat is a high alpine climbing route that links these two summits. The climbing along the Blassenkamm ridge over the tops of the Innere, Mittlere and Äußere Höllentalspitze has sections that are classified as UIAA grade III-.</p><br>
<p>The region around the Oberreintal Hut and the south side of the Schüsselkarspitze and Scharnitzspitze are well known for alpine climbing routes of all levels up the solid, limestone slabs. The south side above the Gaistal is markedly quieter than the north side.</p><br>
<p>For climbers, the mountains north of Leutasch are very interesting, especially the Oberreintal-Schrofen, the Scharnitzspitze and the Schüsselkarspitze. On the south faces of these three border mountains are alpine climbing routes aplenty. In recent years several alpine classics were renovated by Heinz Zak. This has attracted ever more climbers to the region.</p><br>
<h2>Conservation</h2><br>
<h3>Fauna</h3><br>
<p>The combination of alms and rugged rocky terrain is not only unique in the German Alpine region, but also offers habitats for several species of animal, such as chamois, Alpine marmots, Alpine choughs, Alpine salamanders, adders, golden eagles and many species of marten.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<h3>Huts</h3><br>
<p>The German Alpine Club maintains six managed Alpine Club huts in the Wetterstein mountains with overnight accommodation: the Münchner Haus, the Meiler Hut, the Knorr Hut, the Kreuzeckhaus (also: Adolf Zoeppritz Haus, ), the Höllentalanger Hut and the Reintalanger Hut. In addition, are the privately run Schachenhaus and the Wiener Neustädter Hut (, maintained by the Austrian Tourist Club) offer food, refuge and accommodation for mountaineers and hikers. The Munich Branch of the German Alpine Club has rented the Waxenstein Hut (also Alpl Hut or Aiple Hut) since 1920 and operates it as self-catered accommodation. In the Oberreintalkar lies the Oberreintal Hut, which is the meeting point for Wetterstein climbers (a self-catering hut although drinks are sold by the proprietor). In winter the Stuiben Hut is used as a self-catering hut for ski tourers and snowshoe trekkers. In addition there are several privately owned huts in the Wetterstein mountains. Of these, the Kreuzjochhaus stands out because of its idyllic setting, which offers one of the best panoramas in the Bavarian Alps in the summer and is located in the middle of the Garmisch-Partenkirchen ski region in the winter.</p><br>
<h3>Long-distance paths</h3><br>
<p>The Via Alpina, a cross-border long-distance path with five stages through the whole of the Alps, also runs through the Wetterstein. The Red Way of the Via Alpina (Rote Weg der Via Alpina) runs through the Wetterstein in three stages:</p><br>
<p>Stage R44 runs from Scharnitz to the Meiler Hut via the Leutasch Gasse</p><br>
<p>Stage R45 runs from the Meiler Hut to the Reintalanger Hut via the Schachenhaus</p><br>
<p>Stage R46 runs from the Reintalanger Hut to the Coburger Hut (the second part of this stage is locatged in the Mieming Chain)</p><br>
<p>Stage 15 of the North Alpine long-distance path 01 (Limestone Alp Way) runs through the Wetterstein in two route variations.</p><br>
<p>From Scharnitz over the Hoher Saddle to Leutasch-Ahrn both variations are combined. In Ahrn the long-distance path forks into a high alpine and an easier variant. The high alpine variant runs via the Meiler Hut into the Reintal valley and continues to the summit of the Zugspitze. From there it descends to Ehrwald. The easier variant runs through the Leutascher Achental valley via the Ehrwalder Alm and also ends at Ehrwald.</p><br>
<h3>Klettersteigs</h3><br>
<p>There are the following klettersteigs (sometimes abbreviated to Steig) in the Wetterstein:</p><br>
<p>Steig on the Riffelscharte</p><br>
<p>Klettersteig through the Höllental valley on the Zugspitze</p><br>
<p>Klettersteig via the Wiener Neustädter Hut on the Zugspitze</p><br>
<p>Steig on the Schneefernerkopf</p><br>
<p>Alpspitz-Ferrata</p><br>
<p>Brunntalgratsteig from the Knorr Hut to the Jubiläumsgrat</p><br>
<p>Klettersteig on the Dreitorspitze (Hermann von Barth Way)</p><br>
<p>Schöngänge on the Alpspitze</p><br>
<p>Nordwandsteig on the Alpspitze</p><br>
<p>Mauerläufersteig on the Bernadeinkopf</p><br>
<p>Mathaisenkar-Ferrata from the Höllentalanger Hut through the Mathaisenkar to the Alpspitze</p><br>
<h3>Lifts</h3><br>
<p>Several large cable cars and lifts link to the summit regions and high skiing areas: The Bavarian Zugspitze Railway (a metre gauge rack railway from Garmisch to the Zugspitzplatt), the Eibsee Cable Car (from the Eibsee to the Zugspitzplatt), the Tyrolean Zugspitze Cable Car (from Ehrwald to the Zugspitzplatt) and the Ehrwalder Almbahn.</p><br>
<h3>Sights</h3><br>
<p>Those not interested in a climbing tour or multi-day summit tour, can hike the Partnach Gorge, the Leutasch Gorge or the Höllental Gorge in a day.</p><br>
<h2>Wetterstein Tunnel</h2><br>
<p>For many years there were discussions about a project to build a railway tunnel between the Tyrolean village of Telfs and the Bavarian town of Garmisch-Partenkirchen. The tunnel would have had a total length of 22 kilometres and would have enabled the journey time of trunk services between Munich Central Station and Innsbruck Central Station to be cut to 90 minutes. The project was assessed in 2013 to cost €2.2 B to build. A tunnel through the Wetterstein would save trains one hour in travelling between Munich and Landeck or Vorarlberg and relieve both the line from Munich via Rosenheim to Innsbruck and the route from Munich to Lindau. By bypassing Garmisch and moving the south portal of the tunnel east of Telfs-Sagl the tunnel would be just under 25 kilometres in length.</p><br>
<p>Norton Water Tower is a water tower in Norton, Runcorn, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was built between 1888 and 1892 on the water pipeline between Lake Vyrnwy in North Wales and Liverpool to act as a balancing reservoir in the process of supplying water to Runcorn and Liverpool. Water is carried to Liverpool through a tunnel 10 ft wide under the River Mersey. It is the largest UK tromboned pressure relief device currently in operation. The tower was designed by George F. Deacon, the Chief Engineer of the Liverpool Corporation Waterworks Department.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>It is built in red sandstone in the shape of a cylinder 99 ft high with a diameter of 82 ft. On its top is a cast iron tank with a capacity of 650,000 gallons. Ten pilasters rise from a rock-faced base and between them are round-headed arches. Above these is a frieze with a Latin inscription and over this is a cornice. On the top is the iron tank with a decorated exterior. Translated, the inscription on the frieze reads:</p><br>
<p>This water, derived from the sources of the Severn, is brought to the City of Liverpool, a distance of eighty miles, through the mountains and over the plains of Wales and the intervening country, at the cost of the municipality, in the year of Our Lord 1892.</p><br>
<p>Caherconree is a mountain peak on the Dingle Peninsula in County Kerry, Ireland. At 835 m , it is the second-highest peak of the Slieve Mish Mountains and the 26th highest on the island of Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Caherconree is linked to Baurtregaum (851 m), to the east, by a narrow ridge. North of Caherconree&#39;s summit is the long narrow mountain called Gearhane (an Géarán).</p><br>
<h2>Caherconree in myth</h2><br>
<p>Caherconree is named after a stone ringfort that sits two-thirds of the way up its southwestern shoulder, overlooking the mountain road called Bóthar na gCloch ("road of the stones"). The ringfort is surrounded on three sides by steep cliffs. In Irish mythology this is the fort of Cú Roí mac Dáire, who was able to make it spin around at night to stop any attackers from finding the entrance. In the story of Aided Con Roí, a king&#39;s daughter called Bláthnat is kidnapped and taken to the fort by Cú Roí. She is rescued by her lover, Cú Chulainn. Bláthnat signals to Cú Chulainn that the time is right to attack by pouring milk in a stream. This stream is now called the Finglas (from an Fhionnghlaise meaning "the white stream") and its source is close to the remains of the ringfort.</p><br>
<p>There is a rock feature on the mountain called Fin MacCool&#39;s Chair, which is named after the mythical figure Fionn mac Cumhaill.</p><br>
<p>Kepler Cascades is a waterfall on the Firehole River in southwestern Yellowstone National Park in the United States. The cascades are located approximately 2.5 miles south of Old Faithful. The cascades drop approximately 150 feet over multiple drops. The longest drop is 50 feet. The cascades are located very near to and visible from the Old Faithful to West Thumb road.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Kepler Cascades were described by the Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition in 1870 but not named until 1881. In his 1871 report to the Secretary of War, Gustavus C. Doane, a member of the expedition described Kepler Cascades as:</p><br>
<p>September 18. -- We broke camp at 9 o&#39;clock, traveling along the slopes of the ridges, skirting the ravines through falling timber, and passing in many places over swampy terraces, for a distance of three miles, when we suddenly came upon a mountain torrent, 40 feet wide, and running through a gorge of trachyte lava 200 feet in depth. This was the Firehole River, heading in a lake a few miles to the south. Following down the course of this stream we presently passed two fine roaring cascades, where the water tumbled over rocks to the depth of 20 and 50 feet successively. These pretty little falls, if located on an eastern stream, would be celebrated in history and song; here, amid objects so grand as to strain conception and stagger belief, they were passed without a halt.</p><br>
<p>The cascades were named by Philetus Norris, park superintendent in 1881 for the 12-year-old son of Wyoming&#39;s territorial governor John Wesley Hoyt. Hoyt and his son, Kepler Hoyt, were visiting Yellowstone in 1881 when Norris named the cascades after Kepler.</p><br>
<p>Tarren y Gesail is a mountain in Snowdonia, North Wales. It is one of the Marilyns of the Cadair Idris group.</p><br>
<p>Lying to the south of Cadair Idris, it and its neighbour Tarrenhendre form the bulk of the Tarren subgroup. The Tarrens rise from the south shore of the Tal-y-llyn Lake and end at the Dyfi estuary.</p><br>
<p>The summit is a grassy ridge, which has a cairn and trig point. The views are extensive to the south and east, with Plynlimon and Cardigan Bay ahead, while the north views are dominated by Cadair Idris and Maesglase to the west.</p><br>
<p>The Tarrerns can be thought of as forgotten mountains of Snowdonia, overshadowed by the popularity of Cadair Idris, occupying the sleepy south-western frontier of the national park.</p><br>
<p>The Northwestern Knitting Company Factory, also known as Munsingwear Corporation and later as International Market Square, is a former factory building in the Sumner-Glenwood neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. The company was founded in 1888 by George D. Munsing, who invented a method of plating wool fibers with silk and cotton to make the union suit more comfortable. The company received financial backing from Clinton Morrison and Charles Alfred Pillsbury, who were prominent businessmen in the Minneapolis flour milling industry. This style of underwear, patented in 1891, proved to be very popular, and the company eventually became the world&#39;s largest manufacturer of underwear. The company changed its name in 1919 to Munsingwear.</p><br>
<p>The company built five brick and concrete buildings between 1904 and 1915, eventually creating a complex covering 650,000 ft&sup2; and employing up to 2000 workers. The five- to eight-story buildings had long rows of windows, and although the buildings mostly had a plain appearance, the architects added some details such as slightly projecting cornices, fretwork friezes, and fluted Doric columns. The oldest of the buildings, along Glenwood Avenue, is notable for being the city&#39;s first entirely reinforced concrete building. Engineer C.A.P. Turner used concrete columns shaped like a mushroom on top, and he eventually patented this process, which was widely used.</p><br>
<p>The factory eventually closed in 1981 when the economy reduced demand for Munsingwear&#39;s products. In 1985, the buildings were renovated and the complex was renamed International Market Square, which housed offices, shops, and over 100 showrooms for home and office products. The renovation included a five-story atrium created by roofing over an old courtyard where rail tracks once served the complex. In 2005, some portions of the building were renovated into 96 loft apartments. This was a leading example of adaptive reuse in Minneapolis. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Tarrenhendre is a mountain in Snowdonia, North Wales. It is one of the Marilyns in the Cadair Idris group.</p><br>
<p>Lying to the south of Cadair Idris, it and its neighbour Tarren y Gesail form the bulk of the Tarren subgroup. The Tarrens rise from the south shore of the Tal-y-llyn Lake and end at the Dyfi estuary.</p><br>
<p>The summit is heathery and boggy, and has a small cairn to mark the highest point. The views are extensive to the south and east, with Plynlimon and Cardigan Bay ahead, while the north views are dominated by Cadair Idris and Maesglase to the west.</p><br>
<p>The Tarrens can be thought of as forgotten mountains of Snowdonia, overshadowed by the popularity of Cadair Idris, occupying the sleepy south-western frontier of the Snowdonia national park.</p><br>
<p>The Fairmount Apartments, also known as the Grand Lady of Jersey City, are located in Jersey City, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. The Apartments were added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 3, 1995. The Apartments are an example of an early twentieth century Arts and Crafts style apartments. The building consists of two L-shaped -story brick-and-concrete structures connected by a 1-story structure.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Fairmount Apartments were designed by the firm of Newman and Harris. The eastern section was constructed in 1909 and the western section was built in 1912. There were 33 apartments in each section. The building was purchased in 1962 by Father Divine. The building was renovated in 1995 and currently has 59 apartments of senior residences.</p><br>
<p>Nokomis Knoll Residential Historic District is a neighborhood of houses near Lake Nokomis in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999 and features a number of homes built in popular revival architecture styles of the 1920s, 1930s, and early 1940s. The styles include French and Italian Renaissance, Tudor Revival, Spanish Colonial Revival, and Colonial Revival. There are also a few American Craftsman and bungalow style houses. Tudor Revival is the most prominent style in this district. Most of the homes were built during a nationwide housing boom of middle- and upper-middle class house building. The homes also show the influence of increasing automobile ownership among the middle class, since most of the houses had individual garages built as standard amenities.</p><br>
<p>Gun Lake, often spelled Gunn Lake and also known as Big Gun Lake, is a lake and unincorporated community in the Bridge River Country of the West-Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada, located 5 miles northwest of the community of Gold Bridge. It is approximately 10 km in length and is roughly pistol-shaped when seen from above, and drains via a short connecting creek to Gun Creek, which is an important tributary of the Bridge River, joining it via Carpenter Lake. Lajoie Lake, which is just southwest, is also known as Little Gun Lake and is also a small community. The two together are generally referred to as the Gun Lakes.</p><br>
<p>"Big Gun" has a summer population around 100 and has a full-time population of approx 20 people and constitutes one of the main communities of the Bridge River Valley, the others being Gold Bridge and the mining ghost town of Bralorne, and a smaller recreational community in the area of Tyaughton Lake and Gun Creek Road, which runs west from that lake on the north flank of Gun Creek.</p><br>
<p>According to a newspaper article from 1941 written by an early prospector and currently posted in an old mining cabin in Bralorne, Gun Lake and Gun Creek were named because a prospector once lost his Gun in Gun Creek.</p><br>
<p>Lajoie Lake, also known as Little Gun Lake, is a small lake in the Bridge River Country of the West-Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada, located three miles west of the community of Gold Bridge and just southwest of Gun Lake, which is also known as Big Gun Lake. The two lakes together are known as the Gun Lakes and both are recreational communities with a history of such settlement dating back to the 1920s. The lake is approximately 3 km  in size and is drained by Lajoie Creek, which drains into Big Gun Lake and from that lake&#39;s northeastern end into Gun Creek. The creek, lake and nearby Lajoie Dam and the adjoining small company townsite of Lajoie are named for "Lazack" Lajoie, a colourful French-Canadian prospector and promoter who tried to advance the area of the Gun Lakes both as a major potential gold mine and also the site of a future city.</p><br>
<p>"Little Gun" is the site of the Little Gun Lake Lodge, a custom-built log-cabin mansion built by William G. "Big Bill" Davidson, who also built Minto City, to host investors and VIPs visiting the Bralorne-Pioneer Mines about ten miles south of Gold Bridge. To serve the lodge floatplanes were landed on the lake, and a helicopter pad was also built on the lodge&#39;s property, which is the largest private land-holding on the lake and includes the lake itself. It was from Lajoie Lake that mine promoter David Sloan, namesake of the Matterhorn-like Mount Sloan, which overlooks the lake from the other side of the Bridge River to its south, too off on his last flight, dying in a plane crash at Alta Lake (now in the resort of Whistler).</p><br>
<p>The lodge was for some time operated as a private boutique-hotel but is now a private residence. In addition to the lodge there are a number of other recreational properties around the lake. As a community it has a full-time population in the range of 30.</p><br>
<p>The Bernard Corrigan House is a historic residence at 1200 West 55th Street in the Country Club District, Kansas City, Missouri. The building is an important regional example of the Prairie Style, and it was one of the earliest residential structures in Kansas City to make extensive use of reinforced concrete. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Bernard Corrigan was born in Quebec in 1847, and he moved to Kansas City in 1858. Corrigan built his fortune as a contractor, street railway magnate, and real estate speculator. He hired noted architect Louis S. Curtiss to design his grand estate at the corner of 55th Street and Ward Parkway. Corrigans own firm served as the contractor for the project, and construction began on the home in 1912. The house was completed the following year, but Corrigan died suddenly in January 1913, only two months before he was scheduled to move into his new house. Corrigans widow sold the property to Patrick J. White in 1914 for $101,370.86. White owned the property until 1917, when he sold it to Joseph J. Heim.</p><br>
<p>Joseph J. Heim was originally from St. Louis, Missouri, where he learned the techniques of brewing. Heim came to Kansas City in 1884 where he began building his brewery empire. By 1901, the Heim Brewery in the East Bottoms had become the largest brewery in Kansas City, producing in excess of 140,000 barrels annually. Heim and his brothers also opened an amusement park near the brewery in 1899. The amusement park featured Heim beer piped in directly from the nearby brewery. Heim was also involved with numerous other business ventures including real estate, banking, street railways, and telephone companies. Heim lived in the Corrigan for only six and a half years. He sold the house when his wife died.</p><br>
<p>Robert Sutherland acquired the home from Heim in 1923 for $90,000. Sutherland was a native of the state of Kansas, who moved to Kansas City at age sixteen and began working in a lumber yard. Sutherland began to acquire numerous lumber yards in the early 1900s, which brought him considerable fortune. Sutherland died in 1941, but his widow continued to own and reside in the Corrigan House.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>While the house incorporates elements from several architectural styles, the most obvious elements are in the Prairie School architecture, particularly in the emphasis on horizontal lines in the composition. The house is a three-story structure built over a full basement, and it is about 100 ft long from north to south. The foundation is reinforced concrete, and the exterior walls are faced with gray shot-sawn limestone from Carthage, Missouri. The actual maker of the art glass used in numerous windows and doors is unknown, but the glass itself was most likely supplied by the Kokomo Opalescent Glass Works of Kokomo, Indiana.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The full basement contains laundry, heating, and cooling facilities.</p><br>
<p>The first floor entrance hall features two expanses of stained glass. The ceiling of the hall is two stories, with oak beams lining the ceiling. The main staircase is located in the main entrance hall. The east wing of the first floor contains the living room with large marble fireplace and the conservatory. The west wing contains the kitchen, dining room, butler&#39;s pantry, parlor, and a secondary staircase.</p><br>
<p>The second floor contains at least five bedrooms and two bathrooms.</p><br>
<p>The third floor originally contained a game room, additional servants quarters, and storage space.</p><br>
<p>The Terminal Arcade, located on Wabash Avenue in downtown Terre Haute, Indiana, is a Beaux-Arts building on the National Register of Historic Places since June 30, 1983.</p><br>
<p>The building originally served as the Terre Haute, Indianapolis and Eastern Traction Company interurban station, opening in 1911. It was built on the grounds of the former J. S. Evans and Sons, a bicycle shop. The end of the interurban age came on January 11, 1940, when the track between Terre Haute and Indianapolis was closed, largely the result of automobiles making interurbans superfluous. From December 1, 1949 until 1972 the Arcade served as the city&#39;s union bus station.</p><br>
<p>The Beaux-Arts building is made of terra cotta and brick. It has identical facades on its north and south sides, constructed of limestone and with granite bases. Various designs carved upon the building include lions, garlands, and fruits. The building itself was designed by Daniel H. Burnham of Chicago; the facades were the work of Fred Edler and J. W. Quayle.</p><br>
<p>The other property in Terre Haute built by the Terre Haute, Indianapolis, and Eastern Traction Company was a power house at the corner of Mulberry and North Water. It was built in 1907 to power the interurbans the Terminal Arcade served, and the 457 miles of track the interurban ran upon. The 1907 lease, under the name of the Terre Haute Traction & Light Company, called for 999 years; interurbans were no more by 1940.</p><br>
<p>There have been threats to the Terminal Arcade. While mayor of Terre Haute Pete Chalos proposed condemning the building. In 2004, during talks for building a new federal building in Terre Haute, one of the proposals would have included razing the Terminal Arcade and placing the new building on its site.</p><br>
<p>The Charles S. Keith House, also known as the J. C. Nichols House, is a historic residence located at 1214 West 55th Street in Kansas City, Missouri. The -story Georgian Revival house is sits on a three-acre tract in the Kansas City&#39;s Country Club District near Ward Parkway.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Charles S. Keith House was designed by Kansas City architectural firm Shepard, Farrar & Wiser in 1913, and construction was completed on the residence in 1914. Charles Keith was a lumber baron and president of the Central Coal & Coke Company. Keith sold the palatial estate to well known Kansas City real estate developer J.C. Nichols in 1920 after deciding the house was more than he needed. Nichols lived in the house until he died in 1950. After the sale of the house, Charles Keith later went on to gain additional public notoriety when he accepted the position of interim mayor of Kansas City in 1940 between Bryce B. Smith&#39;s resignation and the inauguration of John B. Gage.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house has twenty two rooms, plus six full bathrooms and numerous smaller storage spaces. Exterior features included the use of elaborate cut-stone trim work, multiple pergolas, and a large carriage house. The three acre grounds were designed by Kansas City landscape architecture firm Hare and Hare, and they originally included formal gardens, a lily pool and vegetable plot.</p><br>
